面向生态的干旱半干旱地区区域地下水资源评价的方法体系

为了提高区域地下水资源评价的可靠性、扩展干旱半干旱地区面向生态的区域地下水资源评价方法，对准噶尔盆地和鄂尔多斯盆地地下水与生态环境关系进行调查研究，认为地下水具有重要的生态价值。目前在干旱半干旱地区区域地下水资源评价中对地下水的生态价值考虑不够，是造成地下水资源评价可靠性不高的原因之一。因此，提出了干旱半干旱地区地下水生态价值的概念，围绕可持续利用的地下水资源量与生态环境良性循环的目标，构建了面向生态的区域地下水资源评价方法体系。方法体系的基本思路是突出系统的观点和地表水与地下水统一评价、水质水量并重、地下水资源与其相关生态环境统一评价的3个原则；通过建立水文地质概念模型、集中参数型模型、分布参数型模型和基于地下水变化的生态环境综合评价4个模型,加上引进水量、水位与水质3个约束条件,以及开发基于GIS的地下水资源评价信息系统的平台，对地下水资源、调蓄能力与生态环境效益进行整体评价与预警。方法体系注重了地下水的资源和生态的双重属性，强调地下水资源与相关生态环境整体评价和预警的一体化，突出了模型体系与GIS技术在区域地下水资源评价和相关生态环境评价的有效集成。

Methods of Ecology-Oriented Groundwater Resource Assessment in Arid and Semi-Arid Area

To improve the reliability of regional groundwater resource assessment and to apply the theory and method of ecology-oriented regional groundwater resource assessment in arid and semi-arid area, the research on the relationship between groundwater and ecology environment in Junggar basin and Ordos basin is carried out, and the result reveals that groundwater takes significant ecological value. Nowadays it takes inadequate consideration on the ecological value of groundwater in groundwater resource assessment in arid and semi-arid area, which is one of the reasons for inaccurate groundwater resource assessment. The concept of groundwater ecological value is constructed in arid and semi-arid area. In accordant with the sustainable use of groundwater resource quantity and virtuous circle of ecological environment, the theories and methods frame of ecology-oriented regional groundwater resource assessment has established. The fundamental frame of this theory is the systematic perspective and the three principles including integrated assessment of surface water and groundwater, equal attention to water quality and quantity, and the agreement between groundwater resource and its relative ecology environment; and the four models of it includes hydrogeological conceptual model, lumped parameter model, distributed parameter model and the groundwater-based ecology integrated assessment model; its three constrain condition includes water quantity, water level and water quality; and based on the above elements and the platform of  GIS-based groundwater resource assessment information system, the integrated assessment and precaution of groundwater resource, its regulation capacity and the ecological environmental benefits can be carried out. This method frame considers dual attributes of groundwater as both resource and ecology, emphasizes the integrated assessment and precaution of groundwater resource, regulation capacity and the ecological environmental benefit, and is highlighted in the effective integration of model system and GIS tech in regional groundwater assessment and relative ecological environmental assessment.