新疆实施参与式灌溉管理的对策和建议

新疆农业的发展完全依赖于引水灌溉事业的发展与有效管理。农民参与灌溉管理是当今世界各国灌区管理机制改革的一个热门话题。世界上有许多中小型灌区已经成功地实施了参与式灌溉管理。参与式灌溉管理于20世纪90年代初随着世界银行贷款项目传入我国，并取得了初步的成果和经验。新疆结合世界银行贷款“塔里木盆地灌溉与环保二期工程”项目，分别在其五个子项目区建立了建立经济自立灌排区，开始进行参与式灌溉管理的试点工作。本文通过对参与式灌溉管理的基本模式、新疆的灌溉管理问题及实施参与式灌溉管理的内外部条件的分析，提出了新疆实施参与式灌溉管理的对策和建议。

CONTERMEASURES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE PARTICIPATORY IRRIGATION MANAGENMENT IN XINJIANG

The participatory irrigation management (PIM) is relatively popularized in the irrigation management in the world. The experiences learned have showed that the PIM is an effective irrigation management mode, when the effective institutional arrangements and sound operational mechanism are established in the defined irrigation area. The PIM is mainly introduced from the implementation of relevant projects loaned by the World Bank in China, such as the action areas of Self Financing Irrigation and Drainage District (SIDD) in Hubei and Hunan provinces. The SIDD is considered as one of the basic structures for implementing the PIM. The SIDD establishment and its implementation were also introduced by the World Bank project named China Tarim Basin Project II in Xinjiang. Moreover some experiences have also been gained from its pilot actions in five prefectures of southern Xinjiang. The paper firstly focuses on the research on the concepts and contents of PIM. In addition the SIDD are analyzed in terms of its structure, mechanism and the allocation of power and function for Water Supply Company (WSC) and Water User's Association (WUA). The paper then stresses on the research on present issues in irrigation management in Xinjiang. The internal and external conditions are further analyzed to explicate the national policy and local capacity for implementing the PIM. At last some suggestions and countermeasures are proposed for effectively implementing the PIM in Xinjiang.