基于GIS的石家庄市城市土地利用扩展分析

根据石家庄市多年的图文资料、城市土地利用数据等大量信息,运用GIS技术,分析1934年至2001年的发展过程中,城市土地利用的时空演变特征与规律,并简要分析城市扩展的主要原因及所导致的环境影响。得出以下结论:石家庄市城市用地在时间上具有快慢交替的4个成长阶段和空间上的3种扩展模式。其发展具有圈层式向外扩展、扩展高速区域沿京广铁路线东西摆动的特点;人口、政策及交通条件等是影响城市用地扩展的主要原因。

Analysis on urban land use sprawl by using GIS:the case of Shijiazhuang City,China

In this paper, the multi temporal maps of Shijiazhuang city in 1934, 1947, 1981, 1991, and 2001 are inputted into the GIS software, MapInfo5 0, to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of urban sprawl during the last 67 years It is found, temporally, that the course of land use sprawl of Shijiazhuang can be divided into 4 stages, i.e.,slow growing stage (1934-1950), rapid developing stage (1950-1955), crawling increase stage (1955-1981),and speedy rising up stage (1981-2001) Spatially, urban sprawl can be categorized into 3 typical patterns: the pattern of urban sprawl by special purpose in special times, such as war period during 1934-1947; the pattern of urban sprawl intervened violently by political factors, such as in the years of cultural revolution; and the pattern of normal growth in recent two decades In different development stages, the maximum annual relative sprawl rate for the griding unit of 1km×1km varies in a large range of 2 95-10 1% During 1934-1947, the mean annual relative sprawl rate is 1 9%, with the maximum of 7 2% distributed in the west of the city for military use; during 1947-1981, the mean value is just 1 32%, with the maximum of 2 95%, and distributed mainly in the northeast as industrial area and the west side as administration use; during 1981-1991, however, the mean sprawl rate is 3%, and the maximum rises up to 9 75%, mainly distributed in the southeast of the city and the northern part of Shijiazhuang Taiyuan Railway; in the latest decade, 1991-2001, the mean sprawl rate suddenly increased to 7 81%, and the maximum also reached 10 1%, the sprawl areas with a high speed of more than 6 8% are mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest for residential use and the so called high tech developing zone at the east The main driving factors of urban sprawl are population, transportation, social and economic circumstance, and so on The population and transportation conditions are the most important factors The urban environment was affected by the rapid urban land use change;it will be an important problem in the future