Diatom response to Asian monsoon variability during the Holocene in a deep lake at the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau

Diatom analysis was applied to a 5.56‐m‐long sediment core, spanning the last 7.8 ka, from Lake Chenghai on the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Diatom assemblages are dominated by Cyclotella rhomboideo‐elliptica, Cyclostephanos dubius and small fragilarioid and periphytic taxa. These diatom taxa are interpreted to be sensitive to changes in trophic status and/or turbulence of the water column that are probably related to variations in precipitation and temperature induced through the Asian monsoon. High abundances of C. dubius, Staurosirella pinnata and periphytic taxa suggest higher trophic status (mesotrophic) and stronger turbulence in the water column in the middle Holocene (7.8–4.5 ka BP). During the period of 4.5–2.3 ka BP, a decline in C. dubius, S. pinnata and periphytic taxa, and an increase in C. rhomboideo‐elliptica with the appearance of Cyclotella ocellata suggests a response to decreasing trophic level (more oligotrophic). After 2.3 ka BP, the persistent increases in C. rhomboideo‐elliptica and the loss of Cyclotella ocellata mirrored a further decrease in trophic level (oligotrophic). The main changes in the diatom assemblages in the Lake Chenghai sediment core reflect direct and indirect climate forcing and in particular, the strength of monsoonal precipitation, which in turn corresponds to orbitally induced variability in Northern Hemisphere summer solar insolation since 7.8 ka BP.