西天山造山带晚古生代构造演化和成矿作用

西天山是我国重要的内生金属矿床集中区，其矿种包括有铜、镍、钼、铁、金、锌等，这些矿产在前寒武纪和显生宙的地质历史中分别形成了大量的成矿体系。通过对西天山成矿地质背景和成矿类型的研究，厘定了5种内生金属矿床类型：1）岩浆型铜镍矿床；2）斑岩铜钼矿床；3）火山岩型铁矿床；4）浅成低温热液型金矿床；5）造山型金铜矿床。典型矿床有菁布拉克铜镍矿床、达巴特铜钼矿床、喇嘛苏铜矿床、敦德铁锌矿床、备战铁矿床、阿希金矿、伊尔曼得金矿床和卡特巴阿苏金矿床等。从构造上看，这些矿床的发育与西天山造山带的增生和汇聚作用密切相关。矿床的形成经历了3个主要阶：早志留世，南天山洋北向俯冲于伊犁—中天山地块之下，形成与铜镍矿床有关的菁布拉克岩体；早-晚石炭世，由于北向俯冲作用，形成了斑岩型铜金矿床、低温热液型金矿床和火山岩型铁矿床；晚石炭世早期，南天山洋壳可能被消耗殆尽，导致了塔里木克拉通与南天山造山带的碰撞。大花岗岩体广泛分布于北天山增生楔和伊犁—中天山地块，并伴随造山型的金矿床形成。

Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution and mineralization in the western Tianshan orogenic belt

The West Tianshan Mountain is an important concentration area of endogenetic metal deposits in China. These metal deposits include copper, nickel, molybdenum, iron, gold, zinc, etc. These minerals formed a large number of metallogenic systems and deposit types respectively in the geological history of Precambrian and Phanzoic. Based on the study of metallogenic geological background in the West Tianshan region, five types of endogenous metal deposits have been determined:1) Magmatic copper-nickel deposits; 2) Porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit; 3) Volcanic type iron deposit; 4) Epithermal gold deposit; 5) Orogenic gold-copper deposit. The typical deposits include Jingbulake Cu-Ni deposit, Dabate Cu-Mo deposit, Lamasu Cu deposit, Dunde Fe-Zn deposit, Beizhan Fe ore deposit, Axi Au deposit, Yilmend Au deposit and Katbaasu Au deposit. Structurally, the development of these deposits is closely related to the accretion and collision of the Western Tianshan orogenic belt. The formation of these deposits went through three main stages as follows. In the Early Silurian, the southern Tianshan lithosphere subducted from the north under the Yili to the Middle Tianshan block, and the Jingbulake rocks related to the copper and nickel deposits was formed; In the Early and Late Carboniferous, due to northward subduction, porphyry copper and gold deposits, low temperature hydrothermal gold deposits and volcanic iron deposits were formed. Early in the Late Carboniferous, the southern Tianshan oceanic crust may have been exhausted, leading to the collision between the Tarim Craton and the southern Tianshan orogenic belt. The large granite is widely distributed in the North Tianshan accretion wedge and the Yili-Middle Tianshan block, and is accompanied by orogenic gold deposits.