青藏高原沼泽合理利用与生态环境保育

青藏高原有沼泽约491.3万hm2,是世界上最高的湿地。通过概要介绍高原沼泽湿地基本类型及其分布,重点阐述沼泽湿地利用、环境变化现状与存在的问题,为了保护高原生态环境,并持续利用湿地资源,提出了初步的看法和建议。

The Mire Rational Utilization and Conservation for Its Ecological Environment In Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) Plateau

Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is the highest, the biggest and also one of the youngest plateaus in the world, usually referred to as the "World's Roof". The mires, as special natural complex, have their characteristics and process of genesis, development and withering on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Study of the mires in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau is essential not only for the understanding of the uplift of the plateau and its relation with the development of wetlands but also for the study of the characteristics of the formation of the mires in China. The total area of the mire in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau approximates 4.913 million ha with highest wetlands in the world. The mire site types and their distribution are presented schematic in the article. It has been recorded that all mire plants in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau are 220 species of higher plants belonging to 51 families and 101 genera, 90% of them are distributed in mires. There are 29 mire site types in this region. The predominant species in mires are: Kobresia littledalei, K. tibetica, Carex muliensis, C. lasiocarpa, Blysmus sinocompressus. According to the number of the mires, 4 regions of mires may be divided in the plateau. They are in the descending order: region of southeast Qinghai and northwest Sichuan; source of Nu-jiang River and Yaluzangbo valley; region of Hengduan Mountains and region of Qiangtang and Caidamu basin. They act as crucial staying and breeding areas for migratory bird populations, including many globally threatened species. For example, Grus nigricollis, Ciconia ciconia, Ciconia migra, Haliaeetus leucory-phus , Cygnus spp , Mergus swuamatus etc. are all the globally treasure and threstened populations. Therein a black neck cranes Grus nigricollis is own population in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The natural wetlands in Ruoergai region of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the biodiversity they supported are under a constant threat of degradation, mostly associated with human development pressures such as drainage, over-use of grasslands. Primary suggests are lodged for conservation ecological environment and sustainablel use of wetlants in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. The author is launching a package of measures to protect ecological environment and sustainablel use of wetlants in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.