南海北部气烟囱成因及其与油气及水合物运聚成藏关系

南海北部大陆边缘盆地油气勘探及天然气水合物调查与勘查评价中，地球物理资料尤其是二维/三维地震剖面上常见不同类型、不同特征且与油气藏及天然气水合物藏密切相关的地震反射模糊带等地震地质异常体，即“气烟囱”或“流体底辟”或“含气陷阱”。本文拟重点研究“气烟囱”成因及其与油气及天然气水合物运聚成藏的关系。油气勘探实践表明，气烟囱往往与油气藏尤其是天然气水合物藏伴生，且油气及水合物多处于其上覆或两侧位置附近。通过大量油气及天然气水合物勘探实践、地质地球物理资料综合分析及油气地球化学分析等，充分证实了气烟囱与其上覆或两侧附近的油气及天然气水合物藏具有密切的成因联系。研究表明，气烟囱作为连接和沟通烃源/气源供给系统与油气藏及水合物藏之间的重要桥梁和纽带，是油气（水合物）勘探中判识追踪油气藏及水合物藏成因、确定其烃源/气源供给系统活动特征的重要依据和指示。因此，深入分析研究气烟囱系统成因及类型，不仅能够追踪探索和判识确定油气及水合物成因，阐明其运聚成藏规律及控制因素，而且能够指导油气及水合物勘探部署与综合评价工作。同时，通过油气及水合物成因的地球化学分析，亦可判识确定其气烟囱成因及其对油气和水合物运聚成藏的控制影响作用。

Discussion on the origin of gas chimney and its relationship with the migration and accumulation of oil and gas hydrates into reservoirs in the northern South China Sea

In the exploration and evaluation of oil and gas and/or natural gas hydrate in the northern continental margin basins in the South China Sea, geophysical data, especially 2D/3D seismic profiles, commonly show seismic geological anomalies such as seismic reflection blurry zones of different types and characteristics that are closely related to oil and gas reservoirs and/or natural gas hydrate reservoirs, namely "gas chimney" or "fluid diapir" or "gas trap". This article focuses on the origin of the "gas chimney" and its relationship to the migration and accumulation of oil, gas, and natural gas hydrates. The oil and gas exploration practice manifests that gas chimneys are often associated with oil and gas reservoirs, especially natural gas hydrate reservoirs; and oil and gas hydrates are often located near their overlying or flanking areas. Previous extensive exploration practices and analyses of geological, geophysical, and geochemical data have confirmed that the gas chimney is closely related to the enrichment and accumulation of oil, gas, and natural gas hydrates on its overlying or adjacent sides. Gas chimney, as a channel connecting hydrocarbon/gas supply system with oil and gas or hydrate reservoir, is an important indicator to tracking the origin of oil and gas and/or hydrate reservoirs, and determining the activity of hydrocarbon/gas supply system. Therefore, in-depth study on the causes and types of gas chimney systems is necessary to clarify the migration and accumulation and control factors, and to guide the exploration. Meanwhile, geochemical analysis in this field will help determine the origin of gas chimneys and their impact on the migration and accumulation of oil and gas or hydrates in reservoirs.