Impacts of nutrient management and decrease in paddy field area on groundwater nitrate concentration: a case study at the Nasunogahara alluvial fan,Tochigi Prefecture,Japan |
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Authors: | Hiroaki Somura Akira Goto Hiroyuki Matsui Elhassan Ali Musa |
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Institution: | 1. Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Nishikawatsu 1060, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan;2. Faculty of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Minemachi 350, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan;3. New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission, P.O. Box 25104, Santa Fe, Nm 87504-5102, USA |
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Abstract: | In order to help evaluate the trends in the NO3-N concentration in groundwater with a view to preventing further degradation in water quality in the future, a distributed groundwater quality model was constructed for the Nasunogahara basin. The best fit for the groundwater table elevations by the flow component of the model was achieved with average mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 0·92 m for the calibration period and 0·83 m for the validation period. Moreover, the best fit for the NO3-N concentration by the water quality component was achieved with average mean relative errors (MREs) of 29·8% for the calibration period and 30·3% for the validation period. After developing a robust model, various change scenarios were tested; specifically, the effects of effluent load control and a decrease in paddy field area on the NO3-N concentration in groundwater were predicted. The most intensively farmed area contributed about 40% of the total effluent load because of livestock farming in the basin. When the effluent load from this area was decreased by 50%, the average NO3-N concentrations at sites S1, S2 and S3 were reduced by about 15%; however, the average concentrations at S4 and S5 were reduced by only 1%. Furthermore, when the total effluent load from the concentrated livestock area was removed completely, the average groundwater NO3-N concentrations at S1, S2 and S3 were reduced by about 30% as compared with the original calculated results. In contrast, decreasing the area of the paddy fields in the basin did not greatly influence the groundwater NO3-N concentration. In the case of a 70% reduction in paddy field area, average NO3-N concentrations increased by about 7% at S1, S2 and S3. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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Keywords: | effluent load control livestock farming modelling analysis shallow aquifer sound utilization of groundwater |
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