5000 a BP以来辽西地区环境灾害事件与人地关系演变

依据辽西地区牧场泥炭层中高分辨率的孢粉分析和炭屑含量统计资料, 并通过对辽西地区自然环境演变与人类文化变迁历史的研究, 5000 a BP来的环境恶化可分为4个灾变过程: 即5000～4400 a BP 寒冷事件、2700 a BP左右寒冷事件、辽金时代的农业开发以及明清战乱.前两个过程与全球性的气候波动同步, 并对早期文明的发展进程产生了重要影响.后两个过程主要是由人类活动因素造成的, 同时也叠加了自然因素.目前区域内的环境恶化主要是由后两个过程引起的.

The Environment Disaster Events and the Evolution of Man-land Relation in the West Liaoning During 5 000 a BP

In this paper West Liaoning is referring to the northwest part of Liaoning Province and one part of the eastern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It includes some counties of Liaoning Province, such as Fuxin, Zhangwu, Kangping, etc., and the east parts of Ju Ud League and Jirem League of Inner Mongolia. West Liaoning is located in the agriculture-pasture interlacing zones in northern China and located in the transitional zones of ecological system, sensitive to globe change. Since the middle-late Holocene, cultural development in this area had suffered stagnation, and even retrogression; in the meantime, its environment was deteriorated owing to climate fluctuation and human activities;Muchang peat section, the high-time-resolution geological records at present, reflects the environmental change and human activities of historical periods in West Liaoning. According to the records, the environmental changes during the past 5000 a can be divided into 4 calamitous phases. They are 5000～4400 a BP cold event, 2700 a BP cold event, the large-scale agricultural development in Liao Dynasty-Jin Dynasty and the war turmoil in Ming Dynasty-Qing Dynasty, respectively. In addition, the geological records and historical documents also confirmed the environmental changes and human activities in the neighboring areas;It is the environmental condition that becomes the essential factor of the early cultural development in West Liaoning, especially climatic condition. Agriculture was prosperous in warm period, while simple livestock farming economy with low level was in cold period. Cold event in 5000～4400 a BP and the cold climate in ironware age directly caused the production-economy formation changing and culture falling behind from the new Stone Age to the Bronze Age. The violent fluctuating process of environmental factor foreclosed the normal evolution and development of early culture and production-economy formation in West Liaoning;At present, the aggravated environment in West Liaoning is caused by the following factors: a large scale of agricultural development since Liao Dynasty-Jin Dynasty, a continual cold climate since Xizhou Dynasty, the war turmoil since Ming Dynasty-Qing Dynasty, and the Little Ice Age, etc.