低成本高精度定位技术研究进展

智能手机等低成本接收机的飞速发展，使得连续性、完好性、高精度成为其新的定位需求。GNSS接收机的高精度定位在智能交通、增强现实、变形监测、精密农业等众多领域都有重要应用；而在低成本GNSS接收机中，厘米级定位技术却没有得到广泛的应用。实现低成本终端的高精度定位受其接收机信号处理能力，以及由天线性能引起的相位中心误差、多径误差等问题的制约。通过天线运动方式实现定位精度的提高也为定位成本降低带来了新的契机。本文重点研究了如何实现高精度定位技术在低成本接收机中的应用，总结现有的高精度定位技术，对低成本接收机所面临的问题进行分析，展开低价高精度定位解决方案的讨论；最后，基于现有的国内外研究成果展望未来低成本高精度定位的研究趋势。

Review of low-cost and high-precision positioning technology

With the rapid development of low-cost receivers such as smartphones, continuity, integrity and high accuracy are becoming new positioning requirements. Precise positioning is applied successfully in intelligent transportation, augmented reality, deformation monitoring, precision agriculture and other fields. However, the low-cost GNSS receivers with centimeter-level positioning technology have not been widely used. The realization of high-precision positioning on low-cost terminals is restricted by the signal processing capability, and the phase center error and the multipath error caused by its low-quality antennas. The improvement of the positioning accuracy by antenna motion also brings a new opportunity to reduce positioning cost. This paper discusses efforts to implement the application of high-precision positioning technology in low-cost receivers by means of making a summary of existing exact positioning technologies and analyzing the obstacles of cost-saving receivers and discusses the solutions of low-cost and precise positioning. Finally, the research trend of low-cost and high precision positioning in the future is prospected based on existing research.