我国灾害性气候的成因及防治

气候是一种自然资源，它包括了平均状态和气候异常。历史上的气候演化具有明显的旋回性，在温暖与寒冷的转换时期是气候异常、乃至灾害性气候的多发期。1998年长江与松花江流域的洪涝灾害是灾害性气候的综合表现，研究表明：它受厄尔尼诺现象、拉尼娜现象及地形所控制。地形条件是非常重要的因素，它直接控制了冷暖气流的流动方向、流动轨迹及他们交汇地域。一般地，沿海的高原或山脉与内陆山脉山前及之间的开阔地带是冷暖气流的交汇处，也是重要的降雨多发带。灾害性气候的发生是必须的自然现象。但灾害性气候未必会造成灾害，这取决于灾害性气候的发生及恶劣程度，也取决于我们速以生存的环境状况。要避免灾害的发生或压缩到最小的影响程度，必须保护人类生存的自然环境。重视对我国湿地资源的保护；发展林业，改善生态环境；修建各类水利设施，提高防旱和防洪涝的能力，减少灾害对工农业生产的影响。

The Cause and the Prevention of Disastrous Climate

Climate, which includes normal and abnormal state, is a kind of natural resources. The development of climate in history had an obvious cyclicity' Abnormal and disastrous climate frequently occurred during the transferring period between warmth and cold. Generally speaking, the open area between the plateau or the mountains of the coast and the mountains of inland is the meeting place of the cold and warm currents, it is also an important natural phenomenon, but it doesn't mean it must bring about disaster, it depends on the severe degree of disastrous climate, also depends on the environment we live in. We must protect man's living natural environment in order to avoid the occurrence of the disaster or minimize its influence