The interfaces of public and private adaptation: Lessons from flooding in the Deerfield River Watershed |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Department of Environmental Conservation, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;2. University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Department of Geosciences, Amherst, MA 01003-9285, USA;1. Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom;2. Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Czechia;3. Institute for Economic and Environmental Policy, Faculty of Social and Economic Studies, J.E. Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, Czechia;1. National Disaster Reduction Center/Satellite Application Center for Disaster Reduction of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing 100124, China;2. Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Response Engineering of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing 100124, China;3. Chongqing No.18 High School, Chongqing 400020, China;4. State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;6. College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;7. Information Center of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing 100721, China |
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| Abstract: | Successful adaptation to climate risks will depend on the outcomes of many coordinated and uncoordinated actions. Key will be ensuring public and private adaptations undertaken at a variety of scales do not undermine one another. To improve understandings of how adaptive responses accumulate, we investigate interactions between public and private efforts to mitigate flood hazards in the Deerfield River Watershed, located in Western Massachusetts, USA. Through interviews, we uncover the manner in which private adaptations, undertaken by landowners seeking to protect their land from flood impacts, are both determined in response to and have an effect on public adaptations seeking to address flood impacts across the watershed. Landowners respond to public adaptations based on their perceptions of the appropriateness of adaptive pathways including how they view the effectiveness of adaptive action and how the actions fit with the social contract. As a result, the interface between public and private adaptations takes various forms: commutable, attenuating, synergistic, or countervailing. Our findings underscore how, in areas with high geo-physical connectivity and where responsibility is dispersed across private and public entities, anticipating and responding to multiple interfaces between public and private adaptations is needed for public adaptations to achieve the best cumulative outcomes. |
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| Keywords: | Public adaptation Private adaptation Climate Risk Flooding Property rights Governance |
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