地震资料处理中小波函数的选取研究

本文给出了常见地震子波的一个模拟公式，可以很好地模拟零相位及混合相位子波，在一定意义上也可以近似模拟最大相位及最小相位子波．模拟出的子波加上适当的修正项后满足允许条件，可用作小波函数．与Ｍｏｒｌｅｔ小波类似，在实际应用中这些修正项在一定条件下可以略去，文中对Ｍｏｒｌｅｔ小波作了改造，使其能更好地适应于地震资料处理．研究了反射波能量及噪声等干扰波在时间－尺度域的分布特征与所选基本小波的关系．提出用地震子波（或与地震子波相近的函数）作为基本小波，对地震资料进行去噪及分频解释的方法．最后用实例证明方法的有效性．

ON THE CHOICE OF WAVELET FUNCTIONS FOR SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING

In this paper, a formula is given to well simulate the usual seismic wavelet to make the wavelet zero phase, etc. It can also simulate the wavelets of maximum phase and minimum phase approximately. The proposed wavelets with the small correction terms can satisfy the admissible condition. Similar to Morlet wavelet, thesecorrection terms can be ignored under some conditions. The Morlet wavelet is modifiled to be more suitable for the seismic data processing.On the basis of the changing wavelet model, the relationship between the energy distribution of reflected wave in time-scale domains and the selected wavelet are investigated. To make a comparison, the energy distribution of other waves like noise are studied as well. As a conclusion, the proposed wavelets in the paper are suitable for denoting and interpretation of seismic data. The efficiency of the method have been proved by modeling and examples.