新疆天山山地自然灾害垂直带谱及其特征

分析天山山地由气候原因引起的自然灾害分布的垂直带谱，主要灾害类型有１２种，可分为３个带：（１）基带（暴雨－塌方带）：主要是由中、低山突发性的降雨引起的各种灾害。此带灾害频发时期与最大降水期是同步的。（２）中带（融水－冰冻带）：其灾害大多同温度的变化有密切的关系。（３）上带（风吹雪－雪崩带）：由积雪运动造成的灾害多集中在这里。山地坡向和高度对自然灾害垂直带谱的组成和灾害出现的频率影响很大。由于温度和

THE CHARACTERISTICS AND VERTICAL ZONESPECTRUM OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN THETIANSHAN MOUNTAINS, XINJIANG

With the mountain elevation increase and climate condition change, the rule of distribution, happening and development of the various natural disasters, which is caused by climate, produce some change and form the vertical zone spectrum of special mountain natural disasters. This research is helpful to finding effective variety measures of prevention disasters, avoiding and reducing the harm of natural disasters. There are 12 types of disasters in Tianshan Mountains, they can be divided three zones.1. Base zone (torrential rain-collapse zone): The various disasters of this zone are caused by sudden precipitation in the low-middle mountain of the arid area. The disasters occur mainly from May to August. Thus, the frequency period of their hurst is simultaneous with the maximum period of precipitation in every year.2. Middle zone (snowmelt water-icing zone): Most disasters, which happen in the middle-high mountain area, have close relation with variation of temperature. The kinds of disasteres include destruction of thawing snow water, iceing damage, glacial debrisflow, glacial lake burst, thawing sinking, snow drift of middle mountain and middle mountain avalanche.3. Upper zone (snow drift-avalanche zone) : The movement of snow creates disaster in this zone. There are snow drifts of high mountain above the wooded-line in mountain and the avalanches of high mountain, which is above 3500 meters and mainly form in summer.