参量阵浅地层剖面的处理方法及在识别浅层天然气水合物中的应用

近年来，参量阵浅地层剖面以其简便的野外采集方式、高分辨率的浅部地层成像能力，迅速发展为海底浅层天然气水合物探测的有效方法。为了更好地获取东海浅层天然气水合物赋存区的地质信息，针对参量阵浅地层剖面数据开展了精细化处理。首先将异常振幅压制和空间振幅均衡等方法有机结合，解决了数据中的各种噪音和能量不均衡等问题，然后利用Hilbert变换提高地层分辨率，最后利用信号增强技术进一步提高同相轴连续性，获得了波组特征更清晰的地震剖面。处理后的参量阵浅地层剖面具有信噪比较高、连续性好、地层结构清晰等特点，可以更好地揭示空白带、气烟囱、亮点和火焰状异常等地震反射特征，为识别浅层天然气水合物赋存区地质信息奠定基础。对精细处理后的数据进一步开展曲率属性、瞬时振幅属性、相干属性等地震属性分析，结果显示，与浅层天然气水合物渗漏相关的声学异常能够被清晰地识别出来。此项研究一方面验证了参量阵浅地层剖面数据处理方法的可行性，另一方面也探索了属性分析技术在海底浅层天然气水合物识别方面的应用。

Processing of parametric array sub-bottom profiles and the application in identifying shallow gas hydrates

Parametric array sub-bottom profile detection technology has been rapidly developed recently into an effective method for shallow gas hydrate detection due to its simple acquisition mode and high-resolution shallow strata imaging capability. To better obtain geological information on the shallow gas hydrate in the East China Sea, we performed a detailed processing of the parameter array sub-bottom profile. First, the methods of abnormal amplitude suppression and spatial amplitude equalization were combined to solve the problems of noise and energy imbalance. Then, the Hilbert transform was used to improve the stratigraphic resolution. Finally, signal enhancement technology was used to improve the continuity of the events and the resolution of wave group characteristics. The processed parameter array sub-bottom profile features high signal-to-noise ratio, good continuity, and clear stratigraphic structure, which can better reveal seismic reflection characteristics such as blank zones, gas chimneys, bright spots, and anomalies like flame, which lays the foundation for identifying shallow gas hydrate. Furthermore, seismic attributes (curvature attribute, instantaneous amplitude attribute, coherence attribute) were analyzed and result show that acoustic anomalies related to shallow gas hydrate leakage could be clearly identified. The study not only verified the feasibility of the parametric array sub-bottom profile processing method for shallow gas hydrate, but also explored the application of attribute analysis technology in the identification of shallow gas hydrate.