中国历代荧惑守列宿与四星聚、五星聚考查

利用授时历法和现代天文计算方法,对中国历代天文志记录的荧惑(火星)守列宿、四星聚、五星聚进行分析研究,结果表明:65条荧惑守列宿,正误率分别为49%和51%.如果把荧惑留、留守、在某宿等运动形态也考虑为守的范围,共有95条,其正误率分别为56%和44%.12条四星聚正误率各占一半,即50%.11条五星聚正误率分别为82%和18%(其中含五星并见).并对错误记录的原因做了初步探讨.

A Study on Mars's Stay at Twenty-eight Lunar Mansions, Four-planet Conjunctions and Five-planet Conjunctions during Past Dynasties of China

There are a lot of records about planets’ motions during past dynasties of China in Tian Wen Zhi.The Mars’s stay at twenty-eight lunar mansions,four-planet conjunctions and five-planet conjunctions are studied in this paper with the calculational methods of modern astronomy and Shou-shi Calendar.The results show that there are a lot of mistakes in these records.The proportion of mistakes is 51%in 65 records of Mars’s stay at twenty-eight lunar mansions,50%in 12 records of four-planet conjunctions,and 18%in 11 records of five-planet conjunctions.The main causes of mistakes are also discussed in this paper and they are as follows:(1) There is no unified format of date for the Mars’ stay at twenty-eight lunar mansions;(2) There is no unified format of the time duration for the Mars’ stay at twenty-eight mansions;(3) There are mistakes in the recorded patterns of Mars’ motions;(4) There are also mistakes in the records of four-planet conjunctions and five-planet conjunctions;(5) Mistakes were made in editing and publishing.