2008年云南盈江地震震害特点及抗震防灾启示

2008年云南省盈江县发生了多次中强地震，其中较严重的地震事件有3月21日在南部发生的5.0级地震和8月21日在北部发生的5.9级地震。通过实地考察并结合有关文献，对地震震害特点作了分析，从中得出了农村抗震救灾的启示。几次地震震中均位于岩浆岩区，未见地震断层。地震造成了大量民房破坏,其中3月21日地震对铜壁关乡有轻微的破坏，5.9级地震破坏最严重的是勐弄乡部分村庄，微观震中所在的苏典乡房屋有较轻程度的破坏，油松岭乡江心坡村位于冲积平原,是烈度异常区。有2种原因致使盈江地震震害严重，一是地基地质结构差和力学强度低,如滑坡堆积层地基和易液化沙土地基；二是建筑物的抗震性能差,主要是建筑结构松散和建筑材料质量低劣。盈江地震灾害告诉我们，在农村加强地基勘查和地基处理的极端重要性，同时要加强房屋的抗震设防，加强对地震的应急能力建设，提倡地震保险。

Features of earthquake disasters happened in Yingjiang County,Yunnan Province,China during 2008 and several implications regarding earthquake disaster prevention measures

During the year 2008, several medium-strong earthquakes happened in Yingjiang County, Yunnan province, including March 21st Ms 5.0 earthquake in the southern part, August 21st Ms 5.9 earthquake in the northern part. Based on field investigation and relative literature reading, this paper has analyzed features of earthquake disaster and some anti-earthquake measures were pointed out. It was also indicated that the epicenters of these earthquakes were located in magmatic rock region where there is no faulting structure. A great deal of village houses were destroyed by the earthquakes, for instance, Tongbiguan Township was slightly damaged caused by March 21st earthquake, some villages in Menglong Township was the most severely damaged in Ms 5.9 earthquake, Sudian Village which is within the micro-epicenter was slightly damaged and Jiangxinpo Village which situated within a alluvial plain turned out to be the seismic intensity anomaly zone. There were two reasons contributes to severe damages: one was the foundation with unstable geologic condition or low mechanic intensity, for instance, the landslide sediment foundation and liquefied sand-soil foundation; another was the poor seismic behavior of the building with loose structure and low quality construction material. Facing those huge losses, it′s important to emphasize on the foundation survey and planning in rural areas, meanwhile seismic behavior of village houses should be improved to strengthen the emergency reacting ability, and insurances should also be advocated.