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Morphological differences in Macoma balthica (Bivalvia,Tellinacea) from a Dutch and three southeastern United States estuaries
Institution:1. Department of Life Science, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Mie Prefecture, Japan;2. Mie Prefectural Government, Mie Prefecture, Japan;3. Institute of Ecology, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia;1. Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l''Environnement Marin (LEMAR), 29840 Argenton-en-Landunvez, France;2. Laboratoire des Sciences de l''Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UBO, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Plouzané, France;3. MARETEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;4. C.E.R.F.A.C.S, 31057 Toulouse Cedex 01, France;5. Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l''Environnement Marin (LEMAR), 29280 Plouzané, France
Abstract:Field collections of the bivalve Macoma balthica in the Dutch Wadden Sea and three southeastern United States estuaries revealed morphological differences between populations of the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Individuals of the same age showed much larger shell lengths at the American stations. In addition, bivalves of the same body weight had higher siphon weights at the American stations than at the Dutch stations. This difference in siphon size was related to their burying depths. The American population, which invested more in heavier siphons, was able to burrow much deeper into the sediment (up to 30 cm). Deep burial may be an adaptation to avoid exposure to the high southern temperatures. Furthermore, it may serve as a refuge from blue crab predation. The results of our comparison between the southern American population and the European support the suggestion that populations of M. balthica living in these two regions should be considered separate and sibling species.
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