近30年山东省沿海养殖用地遥感监测分析

山东省是我国的近海养殖大省,近30年来,养殖用地的数量和空间分布发生了较大的变化。本文选择山东省沿海养殖用地为研究对象,以TM/ETM+、CBERS、HJ-1等多源遥感影像数据为基础,运用人机交互解译的方法,提取了1980年代末、2000、2005和2010年共4个时期的养殖用地信息,并运用单一土地利用动态度、重心迁移、景观破碎度等模型,研究近30年山东沿海养殖用地的时空演变格局。结果表明:(1)山东沿海地区养殖区面积呈增加趋势,养殖用地的单一土地利用动态度在1980年代末至2000年最大,为16.95%,2000至2005年下降到5.63%,2005至2010年最小,为5.19%。(2)养殖用地变化表现出空间异质性,东营市养殖面积增长速度最快,共净增加608.22 km2,其次为滨州市和威海市,青岛市和潍坊市呈现为先增加后减小的趋势。(3)近30年养殖区的破碎度增加了4.5倍,养殖区的分布重心向西北方向迁移。(4)增加的养殖用地主要源于城乡工矿居民用地、水域和耕地,而减少的养殖用地主要转化为城乡工矿居民用地和水域。

Remote Sensing Monitoring and Temporal Variation Analysis of Coastal Aquaculture in Shandong Province in the Recent Three Decades

Shandong is one of the largest aquaculture producing provinces in China, and its aquaculture land changes significantly in both quantity and spatial distribution in the recent 30 years. This paper chose the coastal aquaculture land use in Shandong Province as the research object. In order to extract the aquaculture land use in- formation, the interactive visual interpretation method incorporating spatial and spectral information from multi-source image objects was applied to Landsat TM/ETM＋, CBERS-02B and HJ-1 images which were ac- quired in the late 1980s, 2000, 2005 and 2010 covering the coastal area of Shandong Province. Furthermore, to reveal the spatial pattern of Shandong coastal aquaculture land use evolution, we adopted different models in- cluding the single land use dynamic index, the gravity center, the landscape fragmentation and multi-model anal- ysis of spatial information such as changes in the distribution area statistics. Results show that： from the late 1980s to 2010, Shandong coastal aquaculture area has increased, but the increase rate varies slightly in different periods; the dynamic degree from the late 1980s to 2000 is about 16.95%, which is the largest. It decreases gradu- ally after 2000. The changes of aquaculture land use indicate the spatial heterogeneity. The aquaculture area in Dongying city keeps growing fast, followed by Binzhou city and Weihai city. But the growth rate in Qingdao city and Weifang city has dropped after a period of increment. For nearly 30 years, the fragmentation degree of the aquaculture area has increased by 4.5 times, and the gravity center of the aquaculture area has migrated to the northwest. The increased aquaculture land is mainly transformed from the construction land, sea water bodies and the agriculture land. The loss in aquaculture land is mainly turned into construction land and other forms of water bodies.