基于空间场-水文模型的城市影响腹地界定及其空间演变分析——以河南省地级城市为例

城市影响腹地范围的划分,在区域与城市规划中有着重要的理论和实际意义。本文从"城市结节性"和"空间交通可达性"两方面改进场强模型,采用主成分分析法与指标体系计算河南省城市结节性指数,利用累积耗费距离测算空间可达性,借助k阶数据场模型与水文分析模型,综合测度了1991年和2010年河南省17个地级城市的影响腹地范围及空间演变特征。研究表明,20年间河南省地级城市的平均可达本文时间从1991年的45.41 min缩短为2010年的33.03 min,空间场能显著增长且空间分异性显著。南阳的腹地面积增加最大,信阳的腹地面积缩小最大;安阳腹地面积增加率和漯河腹地面积减少率最大。郑州的腹地范围与其行政辖区偏移度最大。

Delimitation and Evolvement of Urban Hinterland Area in Henan Province Based on Spatial Field and Hydrologic Model

Regional development depends on central cities and their hinterlands which supply resources for the economic activities of cities. Therefore, a reasonable delimitation for hinterland and the analysis of its spatial pattern are needed not only to present an approach for studies on urban economic region, but also provide the basis for regional decision making. Due to the significant advantages of a clear understanding of the interrelationship between city and its hinterland, as well as between city and city, the study on urban hinterland is becoming a highlight in regional research. However, to date, there is not an efficient and credible methodological system and techniques to identify the urban hinterland area in China. This research investigates the potential of a computerized identification method supported by geographic information techniques to provide a better understanding of the distribution of urban hinterland. It improves the traditional field models from two aspects, which are “composite nodality index” and “regional accessibility”, in order to delineate urban hinterland area more reasonably. The principal components analysis method along with the indicators system were used to calculate urban nodality index. With the application of raster cost weighted distance method and k-order data fields, this paper attempts to comprehensively measure the regional accessibility and the spatial field of 17 cities at the prefecture level in Henan Province. Furthermore, this paper delimits the urban hinterlands in 1991 and 2010 by using the hydrologic analysis model. At last, the dynamic evolution characteristic of urban hinterland area was investigated in three perspectives： area levels, spatial morphology and spatial relationship between the urban hinterlands and the administrative districts. The results indicate that the accessibility condition keeps improving and the average accessibility is 45.41 min and 33.03 in 1991 and 2010 respectively, which is improved by 12.38 min. Spatial filed have been increas