Soda lakes and origin of their trona deposits on the Nei Mongol Plateau of China |
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Authors: | Sun Dapeng |
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Institution: | (1) Qinghai Institute of Salt Lake, Academia Sinica, Xining |
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Abstract: | The Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia) Plateau is one of the most important salt lake areas in China. Its trona deposits are well
known in the world.
The soda lakes spread mainly over the northern part of the Ordos Basin, the central part of the Eren Basin, the southeastern
part of the Hailar Basin and the Badain Jaran Desert are generally several to several dozen square kilometers, and surrounded
by sand dunes.
The salinity of soda lake brines is 200–350 g/l, the pH values, 9.09–10.67. The brines mainly consist of Na(K), Cl, SO4, CO3, and HCO3 of the Na(-CO3-SO4-Cl) type.
Trona deposits in soda lakes on the plateau always occur in “bull’s eye pattern” and are usually in two layers of natron,
mirabilite, halite and trona interbedded with black mud containing much illite clay and some gayllussite, dolomite and calcite.
Commonly, the soda lakes on the plateau were formed on the depressions from the beginning of early Holocene, but the trona
deposits were mainly precipitated under the low temperature in Mid-Holocene (as proved by our freezing experiments and sporo-pollen
analysis). |
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