重庆市城市热岛效应变化特征及减缓措施

利用1961～2016年重庆市逐日气温资料，分析讨论了重庆市主城区56年城市热岛效应的变化趋势和年变化特征，并利用2009～2016年的逐时气温资料分析讨论了城市热岛效应的日变化特征。结果表明:56年来重庆市城市热岛效应总体呈上升趋势，各季节中盛夏上升最明显；重庆市城市热岛效应存在明显的年变化特征，盛夏的热岛效应最强，初春次之，仲春至初夏的热岛效应最弱；重庆市城市热岛效应具有较明显的日变化特征，各季节热岛效应均表现为白天弱，夜间强。重庆市城市热岛效应的形成及其变化，既受到地理位置、气象条件等自然因素的影响，更由城市下垫面变化(绿地和水体的面积及分布)、大气污染、人为热排放等城市化进程因素所决定。结合重庆城市特点综合运用多种措施可以减缓重庆城市热岛效应。 

The Characteristics and Mitigating Measures of Urban Heat Island Effect of Chongqing

Based on the daily temperature data measured in Chongqing from 1961 to 2016, the variation trend and characteristics of urban heat island effect in the past 56 years was analyzed. At the same time, based on the hourly temperature data from 2009 to 2016, the daily change of urban heat island effect was analyzed. The results showed that in the past 56 years the urban heat island effect of Chongqing had an upward tendency. In each season, the most obvious rise was in midsummer season. There were obvious seasonal variation of urban heat island effect of Chongqing. In midsummer the urban heat island effect was the strongest, it was the second strong in early spring, and it was the weakest from middle spring to early summer. There were obvious daily variation of urban heat island effect of Chongqing. In each season, urban heat island effect was strong in the day and weak at night. The urban heat island effect of Chongqing was determined by urbanization process factors such as urban underlying surface change (area and distribution of green space and water), air pollution, anthropogenic heat emission and so on. It also influenced by natural factors such as geographical position and meteorological condition. Combined with the characteristics of Chongqing city, there were some measures to reduce the urban heat island effect.