基于计量地理分析的中国A级旅游景点（区）空间结构研究

以2012年底中国2424个A级景区（点）为研究对象，采用GIS空间分析和计量地理方法（最近邻指数、样方分析、基尼系数和热点聚类等），对A级旅游景点的空间结构特征进行了分析；利用栅格成本加权距离算法计算了景点的空间可达性；借助耗费分配方法划分了4A级及以上景点的服务范围。结果表明：总体上，中国A级景点的空间分布呈现聚集分布的特点，人文类景点的聚集度高于自然类景点；4A级及以上景点的聚集度低于4A级以下景点；4A级及以上人文类景点的聚集度高于4A级以下人文类景点。A级旅游景点在中国八大地理分区中的分布也呈现集中分布状态，空间分布的均匀度较低。受经济发展水平和旅游资源禀赋的影响，4A级及以上景点的服务范围表现为西部>东部，北方>南方的特征。景点的一级热点区主要集中分布在德庆-阿拉善左旗一线的东侧；二级热点区由11个区域组成；三级热点区则主要由京津-中原-长三角组成。

Quantitative Geography Analysis on Spatial Structure of A-grade Tourist Attractions in China

Tourist attraction is a very important carrier of tourism activities. A-grade tourist attraction is a national standard of comprehensive evaluation about tourist attractions quality and grade in China. In this paper, spatial structure of 2424 national A-grade tourist attractions are investigated by using GIS and quantitative analysis methods, such as nearest neighbor index (NNI), quadrat analysis, Gini coefficient and hot spot clustering. Spatial accessibility of all A-grade tourist attractions was calculated using cost weighted distance method and ArcGIS software. Service range of each tourist attraction at 4A grade and above in China was delimitated based on the cost allocation method. Results show that China's A-grade tourist attractions present aggregate distribution characteristics on the whole, and cultural attractions aggregate distribution is higher than of natural tourist attractions. Above-4A grade quality attractions aggregate distribution is lower than the Below-4A grade tourist attractions; cultural Above-4A grade are significantly greater than the cultural Below-4A grade tourist attractions. A-grade tourist attractions in China's eight districts are aggregate. The spatial distribution uniformity is low. Affected by the degree of economic development and tourism resources endowment, the service range of Above-4A grade attractions is big in West, small in East, big in North, and small in South. First-order hot spots areas were mainly concentrated in the east side of the line formed by Deqen-Alxa Left Banner. The second-order hot spot areas were composed of 11 regions, while the third-order hot spot areas include Beijing, Tianjin, Central Plains and the Yangtze River Delta.