高黎贡山地区的采集活动及其对生物多样性保护的影响研究

2000年1－12月间，通过采用半结构访谈和田野调查等方法，在高黎贡山地区就采集活动进行了为期1年的调查研究，结果表明：当地居民的采集涉及野生动植物约600种（含菌类），其中食用植物约200种、药用植物约300种、其它用途的采集涉及动植物100多种，采集不仅在广大山地居民的经济生活中起着十分重要的作用，而且与生物多样性保护也有着十分密切的关系；记录并分析了野核桃的采集与核桃油加工、高山野生蔬菜的采集、竹子采集的变迁、香叶树与香果油、嚼油与采集、胡蜂采集、大型真菌的采集与加工、燕窝采集等主要采集模式及其对生物多样性保护的影响；提出了今后对高黎贡山地区采集活动管理的对策。

TRADITIONAL USE OF WILD PLANTS AND ANIMALS IN THE GAOLIGONGSHAN AREA

By way of face-to-face interview with local people and field survey in 2000, I collected some qualitative data on local use of wild plants and animals in the Gaoligongshan area This work showed that about 300 plant species were seasonally gathered as medicines (Cordyceps sinensis, Poria cocos, Polyporus umbellatus, Ganoderma lucidum, etc ), 200 species as food (plant: Callipteris esculenta, Houttuynia cordata, Crataegus scabrifolia, Allium bulleyanum, Dioscorea hemsleyi; animals and their products: Pheretima sp, Oxya chinensis, Apis cerana, Megapis florae, Vespa spp Apus pacificus), and 100 for other purposes, including as raw materials for industries (Bomoax ceiba, Edgeworthia gardneri, Broussonetia papyrifera) In fact,the collection is an important economic activity in the local community Through some case analyses of the use and its negative impacts on the resources (Panax japonicus, Dendrobium sp ), it became clear that some of the collections appeared to be a threat to the survival of certain species, and should be carefully handed by the management authority and development planners