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Evaluating five remote sensing based single-source surface energy balance models for estimating daily evapotranspiration in a humid subtropical climate
Affiliation:1. Applied Physics Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Polytechnic School and IDR, University Campus, 16071 Cuenca, Spain;2. Instituto Técnico Agronómico Provincial de Albacete and FUNDESCAM, Polígono Industrial Campollano, Avda. 2ª-42 B, 02007 Albacete, Spain;3. Earth Physics and Thermodynamics Department, University of Valencia, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain;1. USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD, United States;2. Spanish Research Council Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Córdoba, Spain;3. Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada;4. Department of Biometeorology and Climatology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States;5. Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, ES-1013 Seville, Spain;6. Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEZA-CSIC), Almería, Spain;7. Department of Environmental Engineering, Denmark Technical University (DTU), Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;8. International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), Columbia University, NY, United States;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;2. Center for Built Environment Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea;3. Environment and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Dept. of Water Resources, Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
Abstract:In the last two decades, a number of single-source surface energy balance (SEB) models have been proposed for mapping evapotranspiration (ET); however, there is no clear guidance on which models are preferable under different conditions. In this paper, we tested five models-Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), Mapping ET at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC), Simplified Surface Energy Balance Index (S-SEBI), Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS), and operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop)—to identify the single-source SEB models most appropriate for use in the humid southeastern United States. ET predictions from these models were compared with measured ET at four sites (marsh, grass, and citrus surfaces) for 149 cloud-free Landsat image acquisition days between 2000 and 2010. The overall model evaluation statistics showed that SEBS generally outperformed the other models in terms of estimating daily ET from different land covers (e.g., the root mean squared error (RMSE) was 0.74 mm day−1). SSEBop was consistently the worst performing model and overestimated ET at all sites (RMSE = 1.67 mm day−1), while the other models typically fell in between SSEBop and SEBS. However, for short grass conditions, SEBAL, METRIC, and S-SEBI appear to work much better than SEBS. Overall, our study suggests that SEBS may be the best SEB model in humid regions, although it may require modifications to work better over short vegetation.
Keywords:Evapotranspiration  Single-source energy balance models  Southeastern US
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