北部湾涠洲岛方言文化景观与分布特征

不同的族群来源和地理环境可以直接影响一个地区语言文化景观的形成与分布特征，在海岛背景下尤其如此。以自然地理空间上的涠洲岛（不涉及同一行政区划的斜阳岛）作为研究区域，以其方言文化作为研究对象，以广西北海市地名志、内部影印资料、访谈材料和笔者于2004―2009年4次上岛调研考察所得资料作为数据源，通过对北部湾涠洲岛村落相关数据进行分类统计分析，发现岛上方言文化景观的形成受不同文化源流的影响，形成了由客家方言、粤方言和闽方言三大块构成的方言文化景观和区域差异，分别呈片状、板块状和方言岛分布，呈现出由岛中心向四周扩散直至沿海的圈层状分布格局，是最能反映涠洲岛多元文化内涵的“活化石”，对于认识方言传播规律具有借鉴意义。

The Dialect Cultural Landscape and the Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Weizhou Island in the Beibu Gulf

Different origins of ethnic groups and geographical environment can directly affect the formation and distribution characteristics of language culture landscape, that is especially the case in an island．In this paper the statistical data of the village ethnic sourses of Weizhou Island in the Beibu Gulf are analysed. The results show that there are three dialect culture landscapes in the island, which are Hakka, Cantonese and Fujian dialects. They are distrubuted in the shapes of strip, patch and “dialect island”, presenting a pattern of concentric circles from the island centre to the coast. The distribution pattern of the dialect culture landscapes can be taken as a ‘living fossil’ which reflects the connotation of the diverse culture in Weizhou Island and can be for reference to understand the law of dialect propagation．