飞机积冰气象条件研究进展

飞机积冰的直接影响气象因子包括大气温度、云中过冷水含量、过冷水滴大小。飞机积冰气象条件的研究对于飞行安全保障、飞机适航验证、人工影响天气等方面具有重要意义。近年来在飞机积冰气象条件研究方面取得了很大进展,文章对飞机积冰气象条件的外场观测、天气系统、监测识别、预报方法、气候分布等方面进展进行了简要综述,并对有关问题进行了讨论。飞机探测结果表明,过冷水时空分布具有明显不均匀性,国外以大量飞机积冰观测试验为基础统计分析了积冰环境,并制定了用于飞机积冰适航验证的一系列标准。产生飞机积冰的主要天气系统是锋面、高空槽线和切变线,冻雨往往产生强积冰。综合多源遥感数据各自的优势信息,建立飞机积冰区域识别技术是主要趋势。具有对云水显式预报能力的中尺度模式为预报飞机积冰提供了更好的工具。同时将多种监测数据、模式数据相融合的实时积冰潜势系统是新的发展方向。

Advances in Researches on Meteorological Conditions Related to Aircraft Icing

The meteorological factors directly affecting aircraft icing are air temperature, supercooled water content and the size of supercooled water droplets. The researches on the meteorological factors of aircraft icing are of great significance for flight safety assurance, aircraft airworthiness verification, weather modification and so on. In recent years, remarkable advances in the researches on this topic have been reported. A briefly comprehensive review for the advances in the researches on aircraft icing conditions is presented, which includes airborne observations, weather systems, satellite retrievals, forecast, and climate characteristics, as well as some related issues. The results of aircraft detection show that the temporal and spatial distribution of supercooled water is obviously uneven. On the basis of a large number of aircraft icing observation tests abroad, the icing environment is statistically analyzed, and a series of standards for aircraft icing airworthiness verification are formulated. The main weather systems that produce aircraft icing include the fronts, high troughs, and shear lines, and freezing rain often produces strong icing. It is the main trend to develop aircraft icing area recognition technology by integrating the advantages of multi source remote sensing data. The mesoscale model with the ability to predict cloud water explicitly provides a better tool for predicting aircraft icing. At the same time, the real time ice potential system which integrates multiple monitoring data and model data is a new development direction.