斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床成矿流体与找矿预测研究:以华南若干典型矿床为例

斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床是全球铜、钼、金、银的主要来源之一,具有重要经济价值。这两类矿床之间通常存在紧密的时空关系,对其成矿流体性质和演化的解剖不仅有利于探究金属沉淀机制,也有助于揭示两者之间的内在成因联系。本文在综述国内外重要研究前沿基础上,以中国华南富家坞斑岩型铜钼(金)矿、桐村斑岩钼矿,以及邱村和安村浅成低温热液金矿为例,系统总结了斑岩型和浅成低温热液型矿床流体特征、演化规律和金属沉淀机制、探讨了从斑岩型到浅成低温热液型流体演化的“气相迁移”模型,并以福建紫金山铜金矿床为例,介绍了应用流体填图进行找矿预测的实例。

An integrated investigation of ore-forming fluid evolution in porphyry and epithermal deposits and their implication on exploration

Porphyry and epithermal deposits are the world’s most economically important resources for copper, molybdenum, gold, and silver. These two types of deposits are globally related in space and time. Hydrothermal fluid evolution is a critical process contributing to the mineralization in porphyry and epithermal deposits. The investigation for the properties and evolution of ore-forming fluids of porphyry and epithermal deposits is essential for exploring the process of metal precipitation, and it is also helpful in revealing the inherent genetic relationship between them. In this paper, we summarized the typical fluid inclusion characteristics, the standard fluid evolution process and metal precipitation mechanism in porphyry and epithermal metallogenic domains. The summary was based on literature review and case studies of the Fujiawu porphry type Cu-Mo (-Au) deposit, Tongcun Mo deposit, and the Qiucun and Ancun epithermal Au deposits. Furthermore, this paper also discusses the vapor transportation model of metal and fluids from the porphyry to the epithermal environment, and finally illustrates the application of large-scale fluid mapping as an exploration method using the Zijinshan Cu-Au deposit in Fujian as an example.