基于无控技术的海岸带影像图构建与应用

运用直接地理定位技术和大幅面航空数字摄影系统的紧密捷联,开展渤海湾西部天津滨海新区和唐山曹妃甸新区的高精度航空遥感调查工作。无地面控制点技术的应用摆脱了航空遥感对基站的依赖,也克服了海岸带周边地区地面基站稀少的局限。利用获取的0.3 m高空间分辨率真彩色航摄影像和高精度定位定向元素,成功构建了平面与高程均符合1:10 000比例尺指标要求的数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)和数字正射影像图(digital orthophoto map,DOM),填补了天津滨海新区和唐山曹妃甸新区海岸带潮间带高精度航空遥感基础地质信息的空白,同时结合高分卫星数据,在土地类型分类、海岸线提取等方面开展了遥感解译应用,为进行遥感地质解译、地质生态环境与灾害等要素的专题图制作提供详实可靠的地理信息基础数据。研究结果显示,紧耦合机载定位定向系统(position and orientation system,POS)无控技术的运用缩短了DEM和DOM成图作业周期,减少了大量地面测量工作,节约了人力和物力支出,为海岸带工作区开展地质调查提供了新的技术支撑和工作思路。

Construction and application of coastal zone image map based on uncontrolled point technology

Using the tight connection of direct geolocation technique and large-scale digital aerial photography system, the authors carried out the high-precision aerial remote sensing survey in Binhai New Area of Tianjin and Caofeidian New Area of Tangshan, West Bohai Bay. The application of uncontrolled point technology gets rid of the dependence on the base station for aerial remote sensing, and also overcomes the shortcoming of the rarity of ground stations in the surrounding areas of the coastal zone. Utilizing the 0.3 m high-resolution true-color aerial photography images and high-precision positioning and orientation elements, the authors have successfully constructed the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Digital Orthophoto Map (DOM), which meet the requirements of 1:10 000 scale indexes in plane and altitude. These fill the gap in the basic geological information of high-precision aerial remote sensing in Binhai New Area and the intertidal belt of Caofeidian Coastal Zone. On the basis of high-resolution satellite data, remote sensing interpretation has been used for land type classification and coastline extraction, which provides detailed and reliable geographic information for the thematic maps of remote sensing geological interpretation, geological ecological environment and disasters. The results show that the application of tightly coupled airborne position and orientation system (POS) and uncontrolled technology shortens the mapping cycle of DEM and DOM, reduces a lot of ground measurement workload and saves manpower and material expenditure. The research can provide some new technical support and working ideas for geological survey in coastal zone working areas.