海洋地理信息系统理论基础及其关键技术研究

传统的海洋环境数据集成与共享存在共享模式单一、数据服务效果不明显等突出问题。随着云计算等技术的出现，数据共享模式发生了巨大的变化。提出基于云计算的海洋环境数据共享体系，通过基础设施即服务（infrastructure as a service，IaaS）、数据资源即服务（data as a service，DaaS）及软件即服务（software as a service，SaaS）实现海洋环境数据共享模式的转变。在海洋环境数据云中，用户既是数据的使用者也是数据的提供者，通过数据发布与发现、数据需求发布与发现等功能，解决数据共享中“用户-数据”之间的矛盾，并激励普通海洋科研工作者贡献自己的数据，保障数据资源有效、可持续利用。以南海海域为实验区，以表层漂流浮标数据及中尺度涡旋数据为实验数据，构建了原型系统验证该方法。

Definition and Structure of Marine Geographic Information System

The integration and sharing of marine environment data is one of the important research goals in marine GIS. Several problems have blocked the effective sharing of marine environmental data in the past, such as load unbalance in data services, limited data sharing modes and unobvious data servers. With the advent of cloud computing technologies, great changes occurred in the modes for data sharing. Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale; similar to a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network. The theoretical foundation of cloud computing therefore is the broader concept of converged infrastructure and shared services. This paper presents a data sharing architecture for the marine environment based on cloud computing. The architecture providers of aIaaS(Infrastructure as a Service) offer computers-either physical or more often virtual machines and other resources. The DaaS(Data as a Service) mode in the architecture is based on the concept that a product, data in this case, can be provided on demand to the user regardless of the geographic or organizational separation of provider and consumer. The PaaS(Platform as a Service) mode in the architecture providers deliver a computing platform, typically including operating system, programming language execution environment, database, and web server. Application developers can develop and run their software solutions on a cloud platform without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. Through this architecture, the user acts as both user and provider. The architecture provides some core functions for user, such as data release, data needs release, data discovery, needs discovery and feedback functions. This marine environment data sharing mode can inspire marine researchers to contribute their data thus ensuring effective and sustainable data resource integration. A prototype system for marine environment information cloud computing platform was realized, and simultaneously the feasibility and practicality of our technical solution was tested.