内蒙古呼伦贝尔岗嘎考古遗址的孢粉记录及古植被定量重建

岗嘎考古遗址是目前呼伦贝尔草原发现的规模最大的一处独木棺群，墓主人身份初步确定为公元8~10世纪的室韦人。这一考古发现为在呼伦贝尔草原探寻蒙古族源提供了最新的考古实证资料。通过对考古遗址文化层和遗址周边广泛分布的黑色砂土进行光释光测年和孢粉分析，利用REVEALS模型（Regional Estimates of Vegetation Abundance from Large Sites）和LOVE模型（Local Vegetation Estimates），重建了该地区在公元2~4世纪、公元7~9世纪、公元11~12世纪和现代共4个时间段的区域和局域植被盖度。结果表明：岗嘎考古遗址的局域植被和区域植被变化比较相似，从公元2~4世纪至现代都以蒿属植物占优势，其植被盖度为27.0%~47.7%。公元2~4世纪，菊科植物在区域和局域都占21.1%~24.8%，但此后其盖度降低，到公元11~12世纪只占3.7%~4.5%；藜科和禾本科植物的盖度从公元7~9世纪以后增加明显。这反映岗嘎地区在公元2~4世纪和公元7~9世纪是以丰富的蒿属和菊科植物组成的草甸草原，公元11~12世纪和现代则是以禾本科、蒿属和藜科为主的典型草原。室韦人生活时期的区域植被为草甸草原，气候比较湿润温和。

Quantitative reconstruction of past vegetation around Gangga archaeological site in Hulunbuir steppe,China

Gangga cemetery is one of the largest single-log-coffin groups found in Hulunbuir steppe. The tomb owners were identified as ethnic Shiwei about A.D. 8th~10th century. The archaeological findings provide new empirical data for exploring the origination of the Mongol nationality. With the excavation of tombs, some important scientific problems are put forward:were the pine trees, used to make single-log-coffin, cut down in the local places or somewhere else? What vegetation and climate did Shiwei people live in?