青海明长城烽火台病害发育与海拔相关性研究

青海省明长城历经千百年风雨侵蚀和人为破坏，大多已消失殆尽，仅剩极少部分以土遗址的形式存在。经有关研究表明，明长城土遗址主要发育有包括片状剥离、冲沟、掏蚀、坍塌、裂隙、洞穴以及生物病害等6种典型类型。作为明长城的一种特殊建筑类型，烽火台主要具有传输信息的军事功能，其大多分布于高海拔地区。本文遴选分布于青海省湟中地区17座烽火台，对其病害发育进行现场勘查，并收集相关海拔资料，对烽火台病害发育与海拔进行拟合，旨在探究海拔对烽火台病害发育的影响。通过系统分析得出海拔对生物病害、片状剥离、洞穴以及掏蚀等4种典型病害影响存在一定影响，其中对片状剥离、洞穴以及掏蚀3种病害影响尤为显著，本研究为土遗址病害发育机理研究提供一种新的思路，并为青海省明长城文物保护工作提供有益参考。

STUDY ON CORRELATIONS BETWEEN ELEVATIONS AND DETERIORATIONS IN BEACON TOWERS OF MING GREAT WALL IN QINGHAI PROVINCE

After centuries of wind and rain erosion and man-made destruction, most of Ming Great Wall in Qinghai province have been extinct, and only a few exist as earthen sites. Some related studies indicate that earthen sites of Ming Great Wall have developed 6 types of typical deteriorations including scaling off, gullies, sapping, collapses, cracks, holes and biological deteriorations. As a special architectural type of Great Wall, the beacon tower was responsible for transferring information and because of that military mission, most of them are distributed in high elevation areas. This paper selected 17 beacon towers located in Huangzhong county and the authors conducted the investigation of those on site to collect the deteriorations data. Based on such work and collection of their elevations, it did fitting between those deteriorations statistics and elevations, aiming to acquire the effects of elevations on the development of such deteriorations. According to the system analysis of this work, it concluded that the elevations have influence on biological deteriorations, scaling off, holes and sapping, and have pretty obvious correlations with latter three deteriorations. This study could provide a new strategy for the developmental mechanism of deteriorations in earthen sites, and also supply helpful reference to the protection work for Ming Great Wall in future.