Coastal livelihood vulnerability to marine resource degradation: A review of the Indonesian national coastal and marine policy framework |
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| Institution: | 1. Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Fahrenheit Str. 6, D-28359 Bremen, Germany;2. Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, NW 2/Leobener Str. D-28359 Bremen, Germany;3. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jacobs University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany;4. Bremen International Graduate School for Marine Sciences (GLOMAR), Leobener Str. D-28359 Bremen, Germany;5. Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Bremen, GW2/Bibliothekstr. 1, D-28359 Bremen, Germany;6. Research Center for Society and Culture, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Widya Graha Fl. 6th, Gatot Subroto Kav. 10, Jakarta, Indonesia;1. Biology Institute, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255 – Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Environmental Studies and Research Center, University at Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua dos Flamboyants, 155 – Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil;3. Natural Resources Institute, 303-70 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada;1. School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, PO Box 127, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258 Australia;2. Fisheries Research, Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Locked Bag 1, Nelson Bay, NSW, 2315 Australia;1. Department of Geography, University College London (UCL), London WC1E 6BT, UK;2. China Institute for Marine Affairs, State Oceanic Administration, 1# Fuxingmenwai Avenue, Beijing 100860, China;1. Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, PO Box 19395- 3697, Tehran, Iran;2. College of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran;3. College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;1. Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, UK;2. Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;3. Dove Marine Laboratory, School of Marine Science and Technology, Newcastle University, Cullercoats, North Shields NE30 4PZ, UK |
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| Abstract: | In rapidly developing countries, where large sections of the population are highly dependent on marine resources, coastal livelihoods are vulnerable to sudden shocks and long-term change. National policy can attempt to mitigate this vulnerability within a multi-level framework by addressing the three aspects of vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity) through well-documented interventions. This article reviews the Indonesian policy framework for coastal and marine policy interventions that either directly or indirectly address different dimensions of coastal livelihood vulnerability. The findings show that the policy environment for addressing coastal livelihood vulnerability is heavily based on developing adaptive capacity and to a certain extent sensitivity without adequately addressing exposure, the initial cause of vulnerability. In addition, the complexities and inconsistencies within the Indonesian governmental structures, as well as more general issues of funding gaps and poor coordination, mean that policies created at national level rarely filter down to provide the intended benefits to coastal communities. It is recommended that practitioners and policymakers engage in a more cohesive and balanced approach to addressing livelihood vulnerability in coastal management by focusing more on the causes of the disease, exposure, rather than healing just the symptoms. |
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| Keywords: | Indonesia Livelihoods Coastal Vulnerability Policy Marine resources |
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