Power and perspective: Fisheries and the ocean commons beset by demands of development |
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| Affiliation: | 1. California Sea Grant Extension Program, UC Santa Cruz Institute of Marine Sciences, Center for Ocean Health, 100 Shaffer Rd., Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA;2. MIT Sea Grant College Program, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, E38-300, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;3. Marine Resource Management Program, OSU College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Public Policy, Oregon Sea Grant, 104 CEOAS Admin Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-5503, USA;1. Department of Environmental Science and Management, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst Street, Arcata, CA 95521, USA;2. Socioeconomics Program, NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI, USA;3. Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR), University of Hawai‘i, USA;1. Department of Government, University of Essex, Colchester, UK;2. Département de science politique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada;1. Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Sweden;2. Coastal Research and Planning Institute, CORPI, Lithuania;3. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Zentrum für Material-und Küstenforschung GmbH, Germany;4. Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Germany;5. Swedish Institute for the Marine Environment, University of Gothenburg, Sweden;6. Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland;7. Maritime Institute in Gdansk, Poland;1. Saint Louis University, Center for Sustainability, 3694 West Pine Mall, Des Peres Hall 203E, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA;2. Cardiff University, Environmental Dynamics Lab, School of Earth & Ocean Sciences, UK;1. ENT Environment and Management, Carrer de Sant Joan 39, primer pis, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain;2. Fundacio ENT – MedReAct, Carrer de Sant Joan 39, primer pis, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain;3. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Z, Carrer de les Columnes, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain |
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| Abstract: | Marine renewable energy (MRE), though a relative newcomer to the ocean and coastal commons, has become a significant driver of marine spatial planning in the US, posing particular challenges to commercial fisheries and fishing communities. State and federal agencies with primary oversight for MRE development have focused on the identification of places where MRE might proceed unhindered by other uses, most notably coastal fisheries. These agencies and MRE developers have focused on potential space-use conflict and standard mitigation measures for loss of access to that space. However, discussions with fishery participants and other community members, as well as observations of processes on the US West and East Coasts, reveal a complex, multi-faceted social–ecological system not easily parsed out among users, nor amenable to classic mitigation formulas. Recent ethnographic research on potential space-use conflicts and mitigation for MRE demonstrates that marine space use is dynamic and multi-dimensional, with important linkages among fisheries, communities and other interests. Although experiences vary within and across regions and fishing communities, this research illustrates the weak position of fishing communities in marine spatial planning in the context of MRE development. This paper considers the implications of MRE for US East and West Coast fisheries and fishing communities situated within the larger context of neoliberalism and commodification of the ocean commons. |
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| Keywords: | East and West Coast US fisheries Stakeholders’ values Power inequities Marine space use Common pool resources Conflict |
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