Review of shark legislation in Canada as a conservation tool |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA;2. Fundación Colombia Azul, Bogotá, Colombia;3. Beyond Our Shores, Inc., PO BOX 662, Rockville, MD, 20848, USA;4. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA;1. Earth to Ocean Research Group, Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;2. College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;3. IUCN SSC Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoo, 1200 West Washington Street, Indianapolis, IN 46222, USA;4. Elasmo Project, PO Box 29588, Dubai, United Arab Emirates;5. Pacific Shark Research Center, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, 8272 Moss Landing Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA;6. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape 6140, South Africa;7. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand;8. IUCN, The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 3QZ, UK;9. Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30313, USA;10. Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5131, USA;11. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center—Panama City Laboratory, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City, FL 32408, USA;12. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemática, Uso e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará 60440-900, Brazil;13. Marine Biology Regional Centre, 130 Santhome High Road, Marine Biology Regional Centre, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India;14. Blue Resources Trust, 86 Barnes Place, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka;15. Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, SE 39182 Kalmar, Sweden;16. International Union for Conservation of Nature Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;17. Shark Advocates International c/o The Ocean Foundation, 1320 19th Street NW, Fifth Floor, Washington, DC 20036, USA;1. Science Branch, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, P.O. 5667, St. John?s, NL, Canada A1C 5X1;2. Biology Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John?s, NL, Canada A1C 5S7;1. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Law Enforcement - National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory, 1490 East Main Street, Ashland, OR, 97520, USA;2. US Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Law Enforcement - Miami Field Office, 3701 N.W. 82 Avenue, Doral, FL, 33166, USA;1. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Marinha do Sudeste e Sul do Brasil (CEPSUL/ICMBio), Brazil;2. Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Marinha, Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil;4. Laboratório de Pesquisa de Elasmobrânquios, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus do Litoral Paulista, São Vicente, Brazil;5. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, Piúma, Espírito Santo, Brazil;6. Laboratorio de Dinamica de Populacoes Marinhas (DIMAR), Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura (DEPAq), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Sharks are threatened from overfishing due to their life cycle biology, and unsustainably high catch rates to supply fins for shark fin soup. Canada, a leader in shark conservation uses numerous legislative tools to help conserve sharks. These tools include international treaty obligations under the Northeastern Atlantic Fisheries Organization NAFO] and the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tuna ICCAT], as well as national and provincial legislation including the Fisheries Act, Pacific and Atlantic Fisheries Regulations, and Coastal Fisheries Protection Act. Through the use of these legislative tools Canada has successfully banned shark finning in its waters, and implemented closed seasons, gear restrictions, and species restrictions to help manage shark populations. However, Canada still allows the sale of shark fin products locally, and allows the exportation of shark fins internationally. In order for Canada to maintain its leadership status Canada must increase legislative protection of sharks by following international best practices, and ban the sale and exportation of shark fin products. This would ensure that Canada does not play a role in global supply or demand of shark fins. Doing so would strengthen Canada's position as a leader in shark conservation, and improve the legislation currently used as a conservation tool. |
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| Keywords: | Shark management Conservation Canada Legislation Policy Shark finning |
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