Can co-management emerge spontaneously? Collaborative management in Sri Lankan shrimp aquaculture |
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| Institution: | 1. Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915-sala 125, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 22460-030, Brazil;2. Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. das Américas 31501, Rio de Janeiro CEP 23032-050, RJ, Brazil;1. NOAA, National Center for Coastal Science, 1305 East West Highway, Floor 9, Silver Spring, MD, USA;2. Connecticut Sea Grant, UConn Extension, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA;3. Center for Land use Education and Research, University of Connecticut, Haddam, CT, USA;4. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Concord, MA, USA;5. NOAA Fisheries Northeast Fisheries Science Center Milford Laboratory, Milford, CT, USA;1. Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, Argyll PA34 4YE, UK;2. University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel;3. GIFAS, Nordvågen, N-8140 Inndyr, Norway;4. Marine and Environmental Research Lab Ltd, 20 Christou Tsiarta St., Nicosia 1041, Cyprus;5. Bioforsk Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Frederik A. Dahlsvei 20, 1432 ÅS, Norway;6. University of Genoa, Via Balbi, 5-16126, Genova, Italy;7. Daithi O''Murchu Marine Research Station, Gearhies, Bantry, Co. Cork, Ireland;1. School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;2. Department of Political Science and School of Environment, McGill University, Leacock Building, Room 414, 855 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T7, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Shrimp aquaculture in northwestern Sri Lanka shows co-management like features. To understand the reasons behind co-management and to identify the mechanisms by which co-management is carried out, the paper examines shrimp aquaculture operations in three coastal communities using a case study approach. Water from an interconnected lagoon system is the key input for shrimp ponds, but it is also the potential source of shrimp disease outbreaks that threaten all shrimp farms. Farmers try to prevent the spread of disease by co-operating to adjust the timing of water intake and wastewater release. This is done through a zonal crop calendar system which is developed and implemented by a vertically integrated institutional structure with three levels: sub-zonal/community, zonal, and national. Partnerships, overall sharing of power and authority, and learning-by-doing are key features of this collaborative management system. The case shows that adaptive co-management can develop through collaborative problem-solving over time, even in the absence of legal arrangements. |
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| Keywords: | Participatory management Co-management Zonal crop calendar system Shrimp aquaculture Sri Lanka |
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