Spatial and temporal assessment of potential risk to cetaceans from static fishing gears |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Enterprise Centre, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland;2. Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland;1. Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute (Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries), Institute of Sea Fisheries, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany;2. Institut für Hydrobiologie und Fischereiwissenschaft, Universität Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, 22767 Hamburg, Germany;1. GEOMAR, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany;2. Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, Vefa, 34134 Istanbul, Turkey;3. FIN, IRRI Khush Hall, College, 4031 Laguna, Philippines;1. Irish Sea Fisheries Board (BIM), New Docks, Galway, Ireland, UK;2. Coastal & Marine Research Centre (CMRC), University College, Cork, Ireland, UK;3. Marine Institute (MI), Oranmore, Galway, Ireland, UK;1. Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;2. Fundación Ecuatoriana para el Estudio de Mamíferos Marinos (FEMM), Ecuador;3. Ocean Pollution Research Program, Coastal Ocean Research Institute, Vancouver Aquarium Marine Mammal Science Center, P.O. Box 3232, Vancouver BC V6B 3X8, Canada;4. Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Division of General Studies 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan City, Korea;5. Development and Knowledge Sociology Working Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology –ZMT, Bremen, Germany;6. Too Big to Ignore (TBTI), Global Partnership for Small-scale Fisheries Research, St. John''s, Canada;7. Pacific Whale Foundation, Malecón Julio Izurieta y Abdón Calderón, Puerto López, Ecuador;8. Departamento de Biología (Ciencias del Mar), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, C/Juan de Quesada, # 30, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35001, Spain;9. University San Francisco de Quito, Galapagos Science Center, Círculo de Cumbaya, Quito, Ecuador;10. Conservación Internacional, Ecuador, Catalina Aldáz N34-181 y Portugal. Edif. Titanium II. Ofc. 402, Quito, Ecuador |
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| Abstract: | Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management (EBFM) requires the consideration of potential impacts of a commercial fishery on all components of the ecosystem. Assessment of the impact of commercial fishing on marine mammals generally focuses on species at known risk from bycatch. For cetaceans in particular, inclusion under the Threatened, Endangered and Protected (TEP) species component of Ecological Risk Assessment for the Effects of Fishing (ERAEF) can seem redundant if a species is already known to be at risk or is not thought to interact with the fishery with consequences for its conservation. A spatially and temporally explicit Productivity Susceptibility Analysis (PSA) procedure was developed for inclusion under ERAEF to allow cetacean species to be screened for risk. The technique is demonstrated by assessing the potential risk to harbour porpoise and minke whales from a number of static gear fisheries. The results demonstrate that although a fishery might pose high risk to a species, low or moderate risk areas can exist within the range of the fishery, enabling management measures to focus on areas of greatest risk. Designed to complement and support existing methods of bycatch assessment, this approach is a repeatable and standardised assessment, the outputs of which can be used to systematically document the level of risk posed to different species in a transparent way to aid the inclusion of cetaceans in ERAEF and EBFM both now and in the future. |
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| Keywords: | Bycatch Productivity Susceptibility Analysis Selectivity Risk assessment Vessel Monitoring System |
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