Pacific Ocean observation programs: Gaps in ecological time series |
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| Institution: | 1. Federal Institute of Paraná (Instituto Federal do Paraná), Curitiba Campus – IFPR, Brazil;2. Post Graduate Program in Zoology (Programa de Pós Graduação em Zoologia – PPGZoo), Federal University of Paraná (Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR), Brazil;3. Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Osmoregulation, Department of Physiology (Laboratório de Fisiologia Comparativa da Osmorregulação – LFCO, Departamento de Fisiologia), Federal University of Paraná (Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR), Brazil;4. Laboratory of Spatial Patterns Analysis and Thematic Mapping, Department of Geography (Laboratório de Análises de Padrões Espaciais e Cartografia Temática – LAPE-CT, Departamento de Geografia), Federal University of Paraná (Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR), Brazil;5. Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Department of Environmental Engineering (Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental) – Federal University of Paraná (Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR), Brazil;6. Laboratory of Fish Reproduction and Community, Department of Cell Biology (Laboratório de Reprodução e Comunidade de Peixes, Departamento de Biologia Celular), Federal University of Paraná (Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR), Brazil;1. Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro de Estudos do Mar. Av. Beira Mar s/n, Pontal do Sul. Pontal do Paraná/PR Cep 83.255-976, Brazil;2. University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Barbados;1. School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand;2. School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand;3. Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA;1. TI Institute of Sea Fisheries, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany;2. CNR—IAMC, Via G. da Verrazzano 17, 91014—Castellammare del Golfo, TP, Italy;3. Deltares, Marine and Coastal Systems Unit, PO Box 177, 2600 MH Delft, The Netherlands;4. Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), PO Box 68, 1970 AB, IJmuiden, The Netherlands;5. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounio, 19013 Anavyssos, Greece;6. Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Campus Sterre—S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;7. Cefas, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK;8. Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Animal Sciences Unit, Aquatic Environment and Quality, Bio-Environmental Research Group, Ankerstraat 1, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium;9. Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Management Unit of the Mathematical Model of the North Sea (MUMM), Marine Ecosystem Management Section, Gulledelle 100, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium;10. Institute of Marine Research, PB 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway;11. AquaBiota Water Research, Löjtnantsgatan 25, SE-115 50 Stockholm, Sweden;12. AZTI-Tecnalia, Marine Research Division; Herrera Kaia, Portualdea s/n, 20110 Pasaia, Spain;13. International Centre for Island Technology, Heriot-Watt University, Old Academy, Stromness, Orkney KW16 3AW, UK;14. Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstancow Warszawy 55, PL-81712 Sopot, Poland;15. Capture Fisheries Section, Ministry for Resources and Rural Affairs (MRRA), Fort San Lucjan, Marsaxlokk BBG 1283, Malta;1. Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute (Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries), Institute of Sea Fisheries, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany;2. Institut für Hydrobiologie und Fischereiwissenschaft, Universität Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, 22767 Hamburg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | How well do existing ocean observation programs monitor the oceans through space and time? A meta-analysis of ocean observation programs in the Pacific Ocean was carried out to determine where and how key parameters defining the physics, chemistry, and biology of the oceans were measured. The analysis indicates that although the chemistry and physics of the Pacific Ocean are reasonably well monitored, ecological monitoring remains largely ad hoc, patchy, unsystematic, and inconsistent. The California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI), for example, is the only Pacific Ocean program in which the zooplankton and micronekton are resolved to species with consistent time series of greater than 20 years duration. Several studies now indicate massive changes to nearshore, mesopelagic and other fish communities of the southern California Current but available time series do not allow these potential changes to be examined more widely. Firm commitment from the global community to sustained, representative, quantitative marine observations at the species level is required to adequately assess the ecological status of the oceans. |
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| Keywords: | Micronekton Ocean observation programs Pacific Ocean Time series Zooplankton Ichthyoplankton |
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