The precautionary principle and its approach to risk analysis and quarantine related to the trade of marine ornamental fishes in Brazil |
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| Institution: | 1. Federal Institute of Paraná (Instituto Federal do Paraná), Curitiba Campus – IFPR, Brazil;2. Post Graduate Program in Zoology (Programa de Pós Graduação em Zoologia – PPGZoo), Federal University of Paraná (Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR), Brazil;3. Laboratory of Comparative Physiology of Osmoregulation, Department of Physiology (Laboratório de Fisiologia Comparativa da Osmorregulação – LFCO, Departamento de Fisiologia), Federal University of Paraná (Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR), Brazil;4. Laboratory of Spatial Patterns Analysis and Thematic Mapping, Department of Geography (Laboratório de Análises de Padrões Espaciais e Cartografia Temática – LAPE-CT, Departamento de Geografia), Federal University of Paraná (Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR), Brazil;5. Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Department of Environmental Engineering (Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação, Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental) – Federal University of Paraná (Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR), Brazil;6. Laboratory of Fish Reproduction and Community, Department of Cell Biology (Laboratório de Reprodução e Comunidade de Peixes, Departamento de Biologia Celular), Federal University of Paraná (Universidade Federal do Paraná – UFPR), Brazil;1. School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand;2. School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand;3. Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study was to employ the precautionary principle in import risk analysis (IRA) and quarantine in the trade of marine ornamental fishes (MOF). The analysis focused on the example of Brazil, as it imports and exports these fishes, in amounts that are globally significant. These processes, since their collection in nature, may expose the fish to stress, which may lead to the development of diseases. The legislation that regulates IRA and quarantine is derived from the Ministries of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply and Fisheries and Aquaculture. The quarantine of MOF in Brazil is not undertaken by government agencies, but by commercial establishments that are registered with the Ministries, and is way too short. According to the data obtained, the precautionary approach is not applied at all in this trade, as scientific information is not contemplated by the legislation, and law is not enforced. |
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| Keywords: | Sanitary legislation Fish conservation Brazilian government structure |
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