世界咸水湖的物理与化学特性

本文根据近年来有关咸水湖的研究文献,介绍了咸水湖的概念、地理分布和湖盆的成因。进而从咸水湖的光学特性和热学特性两个方面阐述了湖泊的物理特性;从湖水盐度、蒸发和盐度、盐分来源,湖水的化学成分和类型以及盐湖的演化等方面说明咸水湖的化学特点;最后,从盐类沉积和古气候古环境关系的角度出发,指出咸水湖的古湖沼学研究在过去全球变化历史的重建中具有巨大的潜力,是全球研究体系中不可缺少的部分。

PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SALINE LAKES

According to the recent research literatures on saline lakes, the conception of saline lake, geographical distribution and lake basin origin is introduced. The physical research realms of saline lake are illustrated from both optical properties (transparency, colour, turbidity, attenuation) and thermal characteristics, contemporaneously, the chemical features of saline lakes are mentioned from salinity, evaporation and salinity, salt sources ,chemical composition and types of saline water and evolution of saline lakes. From the viewpoint of relationship between salty deposits and paleoclimate, it is evident that the paleolimnological studies of saline lakes show a great potantiality for reconstructing the history of past global change, an important part in global research system.