公共建筑运营企业温室气体排放核算方法探讨

本文从完整性的角度提出了中国公共建筑运营企业温室气体排放核算方法，进行了案例分析，并对其在中国未来碳排放交易市场中的应用提出了建议。研究表明，公共建筑运营企业排放核算主要采用活动数据法，核算范围包括化石燃料燃烧排放、逸散型排放、新种植树木的排放抵消、外购电力和热力的排放。案例分析表明，电力和热力引起的排放占88.32%；制冷剂逸散排放、灭火器使用引起的排放、化粪池CH₄的排放、树木吸收的CO₂（即排放量为负值）占比都较小；汽车移动源的排放占11.99%，是否应纳入主要依据核算排放量的用途。对中国未来碳排放交易市场，公共建筑物排放的核算范围，初期仅考虑化石燃料燃烧排放、外购电力和热力的排放是合理的。

Study of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Accounting Methodology of Public Buildings in Operation

In the paper the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission accounting methods for public buildings in operation is put forward, the cases study is done and some advices on the methodology of accounting GHG emissions from public buildings in future carbon emission trading market are given. It shows that the emission is accounted by activity level multiply emission factor, and the emissions include GHG emission from combustion of fossil fuels, GHG releases from equipment and systems, GHG removals from newly planted trees, and emission from purchased electricity and heat. The case study shows that the emission from purchased electricity and heat accounts for 88.32%, the emission from refrigeration and air-conditioning, from fire extinguishers and CH₄ emission from the digestion tanks are small. The newly planted trees absorb 4.22% of the CO₂ emissions, which is also small. The emission from combustion of fuels in mobiles sources accounts for 11.99%, whether it should be considered is determined by the use of the emission data. For future carbon emission trading market of China, the accounting scope for public buildings is suggested that includes GHG emission from combustion of fossil fuels and the emission from purchased electricity and heat.