Tomographic imaging of the ionosphere using the GPS/MET and NNSS data |
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| Authors: | L. -C. Tsai C. H. Liu W. H. Tsai C. T. Liu |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Space and Remote Sensing Research, National Central University, 320 Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROC;2. Institute of Space Science, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, ROC;1. National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki 517112, India;2. Government College (Autonomous), Rajahmundry 533105, India;3. Department of Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 530003, India;1. Centre for Earthquake Studies, National Centre for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan;2. Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan;3. Harran University, Department of Geomatics Engineering, Sanliurfa, Turkey;1. Geodesy Group, Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark;2. School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Kargar Street, Central Building of the College of Engineering, 1439957131 Tehran, Iran;3. Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Civil Engineering Department, P.O. Box 484, Shariati Ave, Babol, Mazandaran 47148-71167, Iran;1. Geophysical Center Russian Academy of Science, 3 Molodezhnaya Str., 119296 Moscow, Russia;2. Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya Str, 117997 Moscow, Russia;3. State Transport University, 9 Moskovsky Pr., 190031 Saint Petersburg, Russia;4. Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Universite Paris Diderot, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France |
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| Abstract: | The earlier experiments of ionospheric tomography were conducted by receiving satellite signals from ground-based stations and then reconstructing electron density distribution from measures of the total electron content (TEC). In June 1994, National Central University built up the low-latitude ionospheric tomography network (LITN) including six ground stations spanning a range of 16.7° (from 14.6°N to 31.3°N) in latitude within 1° of 121°E longitude to receive the naval navigation satellite system (NNSS) signals (150 and 400 MHz). In the study of tomographic imaging of the ionosphere, TEC data from a network of ground-based stations can provide detailed information on the horizontal structure, but are of restricted utility in sensing vertical structure. However, an occultation observation mission termed the global positioning system/meteorology (GPS/MET) program used a low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellite (the MicroLab-1) to receive multi-channel GPS carrier phase signals (1.5 and 1.2 GHz) and demonstrate active limb sounding of the Earth's atmosphere and ionosphere. In this paper, we have implemented the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) to reconstruct and compare two-dimensional ionospheric structures from measured TECs through the receptions of the GPS signals, the NNSS signals, and/or both of the systems. We have also concluded the profiles retrieved from tomographic reconstruction showing much reasonable electron density results than the original vertical profiles retrieved by the Abel transformation and being in more agreement in peak electron density to nearby ionosonde measurements. |
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| Keywords: | Ionospheric tomography Total electron content (TEC) The multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (MART) GPS occultation NNSS |
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