新疆气候变化及其对生态环境的影响

近100年来，中国西部地区从19世纪末到20世纪初气温开始上升，20世纪40年代达到最高．以后气温下降．大约在70年代初达到最低．以后气温持续上升．增温主要出现在1970年以后。根据新疆56个气象观测台站的气温资料统计，年均温呈稳定的上升趋势。滑动t检验表明1980年是气温突变的转折点。新疆已有的气象观测记录表明．新疆温度变化和全国的变化较为一致。新疆降水量的变化比较复杂．分东疆、北疆、南疆加以讨论．南北疆降水增加明显，东疆则变化不大。降水量的增量北疆最大东疆最少，而降水量的增幅则南疆最大东疆最少。20世纪80年代中期以来，沙尘暴发生日数在波动中减少，与大风发生日数有很强的一致性。70年代以来。温度的升高，局部地区的降水明显，增加对新疆生态环境的影响进行了分析。

Climate Change of Xinjiang and its Impact on Eco-Enviroment

In recent 100 years, the air temperature of the western China rise from 19 century to the beginning of 20 century. In 1940s the air temperature increase to a high value, after that the air temperature dropped. In 1970s, it dropped to the lowest value. And then the air temperature has increased till today. Temperature rise mainly appeared after 1970s.Accoding to the temperature statistical data of 56 meteorological stations in Xinjiang, the annual mean air temperature increase steadily. Sliding movement t-check analysis shows that 1980 is a jump point of air temperature discontinuity. Meteorological observation data prove that the air temperature change in Xinjiang is in accord with that of the whole nation. Precipitation change is very complicated in Xinjiang. In the paper, the region of precipitation is divided into 3 parts as northern Xinjiang, southern Xinjiang and eastern Xinjiang and the annual mean amount of precipitation change in each part is discussed. The northern Xinjiang and southern Xinjiang's annual mean amount of precipitation increase clearly. But the eastern Xinjiang's annual mean amount of precipitation change little. The increment of precipitation in the northern Xinjiang is the largest and the eastern Xinjiang is the smallest. The increment's percent of precipitation in the southern Xinjinang is the largest and the eastern Xinjiang is the smallest. Since 1980s,the dust storm annual occurring day has decreased. The heavy wind day have a close accordance with the dust storm occurring day. Finally the air temperature rise and partial area precipitation increase impacts are discussed on eco-environment of Xinjiang.