洞穴事故分析及防范措施探讨——以英、美国为例

通过对英、美等国家洞穴事故的分析,认为洞穴探险事故的发生主要由洞穴地形险峻或岩石崩落、疾病和低体温、洞穴水、被困和失散等原因造成。洞穴事故发生时间多在春、夏、秋季节; 15～ 34岁年龄段发生频率较高,其中以20～ 24岁年龄段发生频率最高。洞穴事故除了可能造成人员低温、极度疲倦和溺水等伤害外,往往造成四肢、头部或躯干损伤,其中以小腿、踝关节外伤最为多见。根据发达国家的洞穴探险经验,文中还讨论了防范洞穴探险事故的措施。 

ANALYSIS TO CAVE ACCIDENTS IN US AND UK AND DISCUSSION ON SECURITYMEASURES

The modern cave expedition is more popular in the developed countries and has become a weekend and holiday sport. Most of the developed countries have special caving rescue organizations in order to aid the people in caving accidents. By analysis of caving accidents in the United States and United Kingdom etc., the causes of caving accidents can be divided into: cave topography or rock falling, illness or hypothermia, flood, trapped or lost, equipment failure etc. The caving accidents often occurred in spring, summer and autumn. The age of people involved in accidents is frequently between 15~34, especially in 20~24. Except hypothermia, exhausted and drowned, other caving accidents like limb, head and body injure are often found and leg-lower or ankle injure is most often. The measures of keeping cavers away from caving accidents are also discussed according to caving experience from developed countries.