高精度时空信息崩滑坡灾害监测技术

我国部分地区地质灾害爆发频率高,多年来崩滑坡、泥石流等高危险性地质灾害严重威胁我国人民财产与生命安全。因此,地质灾害及时预警一直是我国在应急方面亟待解决的难题。随着北斗、GPS等全球卫星导航系统的建设组网,GNSS技术逐渐成为当前提供时空位置信息的重要手段,具有数据实时性、设备低功耗、搭建便捷化等特性,成为解决地质灾害监测与预警的理想技术手段。本文利用BDS+GPS+GLONASS时空信息数据,构建了面向地质灾害监测的中长基线毫米级精度的崩滑坡监测解算方法,确定了双差观测的载波相位解算模型。最后在重庆新浦区域展开试验应用,实现了基于高精度时空信息的毫米级滑坡灾害的监测与预警。为预计该区域的地质灾害提供了数据支持,为人民的生产生活提供了技术保障。

Monitoring technology of collapse and landslide disasters based on high-precision spatio-temporal information

China is a country with frequent geological disasters like landslides, mudslides, and so on, which bring great threats to the property and life safety of our people over the years. For this reason, the early warning of geological disasters has always been a difficult research problem in the emergency direction of China. With the construction and networking of global satellite navigation systems such as BeiDou and GPS, GNSS technology has gradually become an important means to provide spatio-temporal position information. It has the characteristics of real-time data, low power consumption of equipment, convenient construction, and so on, and has formally become an ideal technical means to solve the problems of geological disaster monitoring and early warning. In this paper, based on GNSS spatial and temporal information data including BeiDou and GPS and GLONASS, it constructed a medium-long baseline millimeter-level accuracy landslide monitoring solution method for geological disaster monitoring, and determined the carrier phase solution model of double-difference observation. Finally, with the field application in Xinpu area of Chongqing, it realized the millimeter landslide disaster monitoring and early warning based on high-precision spatio-temporal information. It provided data support for the prediction of geological disasters in this region and technical support for people's production and life.