地缘安全视角下的中国国际河流水资源开发利用

全球地缘政治竞争回潮与资源环境危机推动国际河流水资源开发利用成为影响国家地缘安全的关键变量。通过对既有文献的梳理，发现国际河流水资源开发利用在“稀缺-冲突”范式下激化流域各国的矛盾，引发的水资源冲突联合域外势力进一步作用于国家地缘安全；在地缘安全视角下，中国国际河流的水资源开发利用经历了从“弱安全化”到“强安全化”再到“去安全化”的演进；水环境治理、水量分配及水开发利益协调是水资源开发利用中的核心议题，涉及的跨境水资源污染、水权分配以及水电开发争议等问题与国家地缘安全密切相关；东北、西北及西南三大国际河流密集区水资源开发利用方式地域分异明显，在差异化的地缘环境下带来多元的地缘安全威胁；最后基于“一带一路”及“人类命运共同体”等背景对中国未来外交提出建议。

Water resources exploitation and utilization of international rivers in China from the perspective of geo-security

The resurgence of global geopolitical competition and the environmental crisis are driving the exploitation of international river water resources as a key variable affecting national geopolitical security. Based on review of existing literature, conclusions are as follows: firstly, the exploitation of water resources in international rivers will fuel conflicts between basin countries in a 'scarcity-conflict' paradigm, and the resulting conflicts over water resources are further contributing to geo-security by uniting extraterritorial forces. Secondly, the exploitation of water resources in China's international rivers has evolved from "weak security", "strong security" to "de-securitization" in the context of geo-security. Thirdly, water environment management, water allocation and coordination of water development interests are core issues in water resources development, involving transboundary water pollution, water allocation and hydropower development, all of which are closely related to national geo-security. Fourthly, the geographical differentiation in the way water resources are exploited in the three major international river-dense regions of northeast, northwest and southwest China is obvious, and the differentiated geo-environment brings multiple geo-security threats.Finally, suggestions are offered for China's future diplomacy based on the context of "One Belt, One Road" and "Community of Human Destiny".