Social studies of volcanology: knowledge generation and expert advice on active volcanoes |
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Authors: | Amy Donovan Clive Oppenheimer Michael Bravo |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK;(2) Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1ER, UK;(3) Le Studium, Institute for Advanced Studies, Orl?ans and Tours, France;(4) Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orl?ans, University of Orl?ans, 1a rue de la F?rollerie, 45071 Orl?ans Cedex 2, France |
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Abstract: | This paper examines the philosophy and evolution of volcanological science in recent years, particularly in relation to the
growth of volcanic hazard and risk science. It uses the lens of Science and Technology Studies to examine the ways in which
knowledge generation is controlled and directed by social forces, particularly during eruptions, which constitute landmarks
in the development of new technologies and models. It also presents data from a survey of volcanologists carried out during
late 2008 and early 2009. These data concern the felt purpose of the science according to the volcanologists who participated
and their impressions of the most important eruptions in historical time. It demonstrates that volcanologists are motivated
both by the academic science environment and by a social concern for managing the impact of volcanic hazards on populations.
Also discussed are the eruptions that have most influenced the discipline and the role of scientists in policymaking on active
volcanoes. Expertise in volcanology can become the primary driver of public policy very suddenly when a volcano erupts, placing
immense pressure on volcanologists. In response, the epistemological foundations of volcanology are on the move, with an increasing
volume of research into risk assessment and management. This requires new, integrated methodologies for knowledge collection
that transcend scientific disciplinary boundaries. |
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