作物的耐盐性及盐水灌溉管理

盐从水分关系、离子毒害、营养和能量平衡等方面影响植物的生长。不同的植物具有不同的耐盐性,同一植物在不同生长期的耐盐性也有差异。有效的灌溉管理是盐水灌溉农业的基础,高频率灌溉有利于缓解由于盐引起的水分亏缺,和对根系带洗盐,同时必须保持植物根系带土壤良好的通透条件。沙地更适合于盐水灌溉,滴灌是最为有效的灌溉方式。灌溉水盐分的增加将导致大多数作物的产量下降,但某些作物品质的改善可在一定程度上补偿产量下降的损失。

CROP SALT TOLERANCES AND ITS MANAGEMENT OF IRRIGATION WITH SALINE WATER

Salinity affects crop growth and yield in a variety of ways included four main categories :effect on water relationships, ion toxicities, nutritional effects, and effects on energy balances,Thereare different salt hardinesses depend on crop varying, and salt sensitive stages for particular crop. Toagainst salt stress, it is necessary to select salt tolerant cutivars. to detect sensitive stages for specialvarieties, and to manage irrigation especially with high frequency for water deficiency and washingsalinity and to keep good areration in root zones. For salt agriculture, sand land is better than heaviersoils. drip irrigation is the best one of the water supply methods. Increased salinity of irrigation watercan be reduced generally with growth, for some varieties it may compensate for the reduction in freshyield in a sense,i.e. salinity improves the qualities of the production .