松花江、辽河流域实测径流的变化趋势及其与降水的关系

利用松花江、辽河流域内132个降水测站1961-2000年40年的月降水资料，以及水文测站哈尔滨、江桥、铁岭1956-2000年45年的月实测径流量资料，分析松花江、辽河流域实测径流的变化趋势，并探讨夏季径流与同期降水的相关性。结果表明：松花江流域的年实测径流量呈现较微弱的下降趋势，而辽河流域年实测径流呈现显著的下降趋势；两流域径流量均存在着一致的阶段性丰枯周期变化；最显著的一次波动是夏季实测径流由20世纪60年代中后期呈现的显著下降趋势转为80年代初期的明显上升趋势；降水是影响松花江、辽河流域夏季实测径流的一个重要气候因素。初步揭示了人类活动、下垫面改变对实测径流的影响。

Temporal Variation of Observed Runoff in Songhua River and Liaohe River Basins and Its Relationship with Precipitation

The interannual variation of river runoff in the Songhua River and Liaohe River basins was analyzed using the 40-year (1961-2000) observed monthly precipitation data from 132 meteorological stations and the 45-year (1956-2000) monthly observed runoff data from Harbin, Jiangqiao and Tieling hydrometric stations. The annual runoff in the region showed a weak decreasing trend in the Songhua River catchment, and a significant decreasing trend in the Liaohe River catchment. The consistent periodic variations of high/low water were found between the two river catchments. In the earlier 1980s, an abrupt change in summer runoff was detected, that is, a distinctive declining trend starting from the mid-late 1960s changed into an increasing trend in the earlier 1980s. The relationship between summer runoff and precipitation was discussed, and it was found that precipitation is one of the important climatic factors governing the variation of observed river runoff. Our study also reveals the possible impacts of human activities and land cover changes on surface runoff.