Schwefelisotope im marinen Kreislauf und das δ34 S der früheren Meere |
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Authors: | Dr Heimo Nielsen |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Zentrallaboratorium für Geochemie der Isotope, Lotzestr. 16-18, 34 Göttingen |
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Abstract: | Zusammenfassung Durch Isotopenfraktionierung bei der bakteriellen Reduktion marinen Sulfats enthalten die Sedimente im Mittel einen Überschuß an32S ( 34S s – 5 ), während32S im marinen Sulfat angereichert ist. Der 34S-Wert im heutigen Meerwasser beträgt etwa + 20 . Evaporit- 34S-Messungen zeigen, daß dieser Wert im Cambrium, Silur und Devon höher war, bis zum Perm dann auf etwa + 11 abnahm und anschließend wieder zum heutigen Wert anstieg.Der hohe 43S-Wert in der geologischen Frühzeit wird mit extremer Anreicherung biogener Sulfide in den Schwarzschiefern erklärt, der Abfall zum Perm mit Rückführung großer Mengen von Sediment-Schwefel im Laufe der caledonischen und varistischen Orogenesen und der Wiederanstieg im Erdmittelalter mit erneuter Anhäufung toniger Sedimente.Aufgrund modellmäßiger Abschätzungen und der Gesamtheit aller verfügbaren Meßwerte (etwa 800) wird versucht, die Entwicklungslinie des Meerwasser- 34S-Wertes zeichnerisch darzustellen.Hinweis auf praktische Bedeutung: Informationen über Stoffbilanz geologischer Vorgänge, Interpretation von 34S-Meßwerten an normalen Gesteinen und Erzen, Zuordnung von Proben unbekannten Alters.
Summary Due to an isotope fractionation involved in the bacterial reduction of marine sulfate the sediments as a whole contain an excess of32S ( 34S – 5 ), while marine sulfate is enriched in34S. Recent seawater has 34S + 20 . Evaporite measurements indicate a still higher value in Cambrian, Silurian and Devonian time. Then the 34S decreased to about + 11 in the Upper Permian and later on increased once more to the modern value.The accumulation of abnormally large quantities of biogenic sulfides in the slates of that era accounts for the high 34S value in the early Palaeozoic. A considerable fraction of light sulfur has been brought back to the oceans by weathering solutions of the Caledonian and Variscan orogenies, and in Mesozoic times another accumulation of slates has taken place.From a synopsis of the data available (some 800) and from model estimations an attempt has been made to construct the marine sulfur gd34S evolution curve . Some practical consequences are lined out: informations on material balance of geological processes, interpretation of 34S-data of normal rocks and ores, sample dating in the case of doubtful age.
Résumé Un fractionnement isotopique pendant la réduction bactérienne du sulfate marin a pour conséquence un excédent de32S dans la masse totale des sédiments ( 34S – 5 ) et un enrichissement de34S dans le sulfate marin. Dans les océans actuels le 34S est + 20 ; nous pouvons conclure des 34S des échantillons de sulfates d'évaporites, qu'aux temps cambrien, silurien et dévonien cette valeur fut plus élevée. Puis elle a diminué jusqu'à + 11 au Permien supérieur pour remonter ensuite à la valeur actuelle.La valeur élevée de 34S au Paléozoïque inférieur doit être expliquée par une accumulation extraordinaire de sulfures biogènes dans les ardoises noires de cette époque. La décomposition d'une fraction considérable de ces roches pendant les orogenèses calédonienne et varisque entraînait à l'océan du soufre léger . Au Mésozoïque une autre accumulation d'ardoises commençait. Par l'examen de toutes valeurs disponibles (environ 800) et par certaines estimations on a tenté de tracer la courbe de l' évolution de la valeur du 34S marin .Quelques conséquences pratiques sont indiquées: informations sur le bilan matériel des procès sus-géologiques, interprétation des 34S de roches et minerais normaux , datation d'échantillons d'âge problématique.
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